Monday, December 14, 2015

Aryan Migration To Nepal

Aryan Migration to Nepal
Aryans are not an indigenous people of Nepal; most of them have reached Nepal migrating through India. ...... Great grand mother had told me that our ancestor had migrated from far away from near to modern Iraq ..... I already felt that I was not a kurdish but i need to know that precisely. Then I started research about the matter on internet. ...... in the language tree that proto-indo-European language evolves into indo-Iranian which further divides into Old Iranian and Sanskrit language ...... From the language tree we can clearly see that the Aryans and Iranian people have a deep link, it seems as we are like separate brother/Sister just only by the time and location. ...... we Aryans were the dwellers from the Middle East Asia, I think we all know about the Indus valley civilization this is our early mother land of all Aryans. and a group of our ancestors have settled in Iran ....

the great Persian Empire which was among the biggest empire in the history, which now is more reduced to Iran only due to Muslim evasion.

..... the Group of Aryans who settled in Iran became Persians, Kurdish and so on. And the same group of Aryans who also migrated to North India, These are the Aryans or Indic, they migrate from Iran to Afghanistan, to Pakistan and to north India and settled in many different places to as far as Nepal as well. ...... how Aryans brought Nepali language right from middle east to Nepal. And we can see our native Nepali Language has evolved from the old Indo-Iranian Language, to Sanskrit then t0 many there forms and to as well Nepali. i would like to remind the fact that the “Pali” language which was written and spoken at the time of Buddha is also one of the derivative of Sanskrit language. ......

” The Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin and more exquisitely refined than either: yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs, and in the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all without believing them to have sprung from some common source which perhaps no longer exists…” Sir William Jones (1746-1794)

........ The Aryans were remarkably expansionist, and

almost everywhere they went they conquered and subjugated the indigenous people, imposing their languages and (to varying degrees) their religious beliefs on the natives, and receiving in turn contributions from the people whom they conquered.

Aryan invasions — or more accurately, a long sequence of different invasions by speakers of Indo-European languages — swept across Old Europe beginning as early as the fourth millennium BC, and over time the conquerors and the conquered melded into specific people with distinctive languages. ........ Most of the contemporary inhabitants of Europe, along with their respective early national cultures, are the result of interaction between successive waves of Aryan invaders and culture of the particular White people that they conquered and with whom they later intermarried ....... Many of the principal figures in Greek mythology predate the arrival of Aryans ...... Europe is European because the conquerors and the conquered were members the same White race, different branches on the same family tree; India is a morass of poverty because the bulk of the conquered, with whom the Indo-Aryans eventually intermarried, were non-White Veddoids. The lesson is obvious. Even today high-caste Hindus can still be identified by their Caucasian features and light skin, and the poorest and most backward parts of India are generally the darkest. ........ Aryans are also called as “Khass” in Nepal. And the language used by the Aryans are also known as “Khass Bhasa”. Hence we can clearly see from the map and the conclusions derived from the language tree, that

the Aryans came from middle east Asia around 1750Bc.

....... The Aryans Divided into Persians and Indic people, Persians settled in Persia known as Iran today. Where as the other group of Aryans migrated from Iran to Afghanistan to Pakistan to North India who further migrated to Nepal as well. .....

am more related to Iranian than to other races in the world

.... Iranian are not Arab they are “PERSIAN.” .....

Kasmiri Pakistani (Aryans) are more related to European race than to Arabs. Which is a very interesting fact to know about.



Genetic Ancestry of Nepalis

Newars have been living in Kathmandu valley from the prehistoric times.

..... Evidence also comes from our language – Nepal Bhasa and associated Ranjana script which has combination of both Tibetan as well as Sanskrit (Indian) flavors and still used in many parts of Tibet, Nepal and India. ...... Tibet (China) and India. These neighbors represent two distinct ethnicity – the Mongols from Tibet and the Aryans from India. ....... African origin of modern humans 200,000 years ago ..... the modern human left Africa 125,000 years ago and reached the present day Middle-East Asia from where they dispersed into three different directions (at different time-scales) – one lineage to the Europe, second lineage towards China and the third lineage into South Asia (India). ..... abundant East Eurasian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages have already been detected in the northeast Indian populations raising the possibility that the East Eurasian influence could trace its origin back to the dispersal of Tibeto-Burman people who arrived at Nepal via northeast India ..... by comparing the Y-chromosome lineages between the Nepalese and the Tibetan populations, Gayden et al. have proposed that the East Eurasian genetic components had been introduced into Nepal from Tibet directly ....... “Revisiting the role of the Himalayas in peopling Nepal: insights from mitochondrial genomes”, published in March 2012, finally came up with an answer. For this, mtDNA was collected from 246 unrelated individuals from Kathmandu and Eastern Terai. ....... Different loci of mtDNA and Y-chromosome are used as genetic markers to trace the great human migration and ancestry. The mtDNA traces the maternal lineage (as mitochondria of a zygote is always contributed by the mother) and Y-chromosome of course traces the paternal lineage (as only the father contributes Y-chromosome to a zygote destined to become a male). Often Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam are referred to as the ancestors of every human being living on earth today. They are certainly not the first female and male on the earth as the Bible interprets, there were many humans in addition to Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam, but they are the only surviving genetic markers/lineage till date that has been passed on to the existing human population. ........

The study revealed that genetic components of East Eurasian (36.59%) and South Asian (51.63%) ancestry have comprised the vast majority of the Nepalese gene pool.

....... 3 among 5 of the Nepalese population clustered with Tibetan population. This means that 3 of the Nepalese population are very similar to the clustered Tibetan population. ...... the Tibetans made major contribution to virtually all Nepalese populations (except for the eastern Tharu population) ...... the Nepalese share some basal or internal haplotypes with the Tibetans;..... the Nepalese harbor a number of unique haplotypes at the terminal level, most of which branched off directly from the nodes occupied almost exclusively by the Tibetan lineages and..... only a few haplotypes are shared sporadically between the Nepalese and the northern Indians......

Now it is convincing that the East Eurasian had entered Nepal across the Himalayas around 6 kya, a scenario in good agreement with the previous findings from linguistics and archeology. Yes, the Tibetans (Mongols) did cross the great Himalayas to enter Nepal even before the Aryans arrived.



Bahun
Bahun (बाहुन) is a local term for the traditional Vedic Brahmin of Aryan origin. Some may have been migrated to Nepal from central Asia whereas some from parts of ancient Indian region (currently India) in the early centuries. ...... The hill based indigenous ethnic groups Gurung, Magar, Tamang, Newar, Sunuwar, Rai, Limbu, Sherpa, Mananggay, Mustang-gi, Thakali, Dolpo, Walungi and similar ethnic groups comprise over 50% of the population of the Middle Hills and the Khas represent 31% of the population. ......... Bahun is a colloquial Nepali term for a member of the Pahari or "Hill" Brahmin (ब्राह्मण) caste ...... Brahmins are the second largest caste group in Nepal (12.18% of the population) ..... 'Licchavi'.. built pasupati temple, chagunarayana, Various Buddha Stoopas ....... Tibet and India were both trading partners..It is believed that the Lichhavi, having lost their political fortune in India, came to Nepal, attacking and defeating the last Kirat King Gasti. ....... Some 3,500 to 4,000 years "Before Present'(B.P.) Hari-Hara Chhetra (of present-day GandakiBasins, including Mukti Nath, Deaughat and Triveni of Western Nepal), was one of the most important centers of Vedic Aryans, who had already expanded Swarswat Vedic Civilization.The Aryans could not have advanced up to this land, without the support of Lord Shiva-the supreme Lord of Kiratas of their time (who was regarded as the incarnation ofLord Rudra, the Early- Vedic God of Cosmic Energy ....... the Aryans from Vedic Swaraswat civilization hadentered Nepal at around 4,000-4,100 years B.P. Already by this time, there seems to be the strong presence of Yakshyas in the Central Himalayas, who were in very friendly terms with Naga Kiratas of Central Himalayas. ......

Arjuna was the first Aryan commander, who had reached as far east as Assam and conquered the ancient kingdom of Mani Pura and married Naga Princess Ulupi.

...... the timeofMaha-Bharata War (some 3,000 years B.P.) .....

except in mithila, the vedic aryan civilization could not flourish and the rich and equitable indigenous Naga-Kirati (Bon) civilization could continue undisturbed till the medieval times.

Only in Mithila, this great Vedic Civilization could produce great philosophers like Yagnabalka, Maitree and Gargi and Philosopher-king like Janaka (of Upanishada fame, probably not Sir-Dhoj Janak, fatherofGoddess Sita). .......

During Mughal as well as various Muslim invasions in India, various Hindus, mostly of Rajasthani and Punjabi origin started migrating to the Himalayas. Most of the Brahmins who had migrated to Nepal got assimilated into the already existing early migrated Brahmin society from Indian to the Nepalese hills. Many aspects of Nepali bahun is different from Indians.

In The News (26)



मोर्चासँगको वार्ता किन हुँदैछ निष्कर्षविहीन ?
आइतबारको वार्तामा तीनै पक्ष आ–आफ्नै अडानमा रहेपछि मुख्य विषयले प्रवेश नै पाएन । मोर्चाले विगतमा राख्दै आएका मागको विषयमा छलफलसमेत हुन सकेन । .... केही हप्तायता मोर्चासँग विभिन्न दलले गरेका छलफल र वार्तामा खास विषयले प्रवेश नै पाउँदैन । गत शुक्रबार र आइतबार भएका सत्तापक्ष र मोर्चाबीचको वार्तामा मोर्चाका ११ बुँदे माग र सत्तापक्षले प्रस्ताव गर्न लागेको तीनबुँदेबारे कुनै छलफल भएन । ‘वार्ताका नाममा निरन्तरताबाहेक केही हुन सकेको छैन, कांग्रेस–एमालेले झगडा गरेजस्तो गरेर मिलेमतोमा हामीलाई भुलाउन खोजेजस्तो देखिँदै छ,’ सद्भावना पार्टीका महामन्त्री मनीष सुमनले भने । ...... आइतबारको वार्तामा एमाओवादीले पहिले पुनर्निर्माण विधेयक पेस गरी पारित गरेर संसद् बैठक स्थगित गर्ने र त्यसै दिन अर्को बैठक राखेर संविधान संशोधन विधेयक पेस गर्नुपर्ने मध्यमार्गी प्रस्ताव राखेको थियो । ..... तर, एमाओवादी अध्यक्ष पुष्पकमल दाहाल प्रचण्डले राखेको सो प्रस्तावबारे कुनै छलफल भएन । ....... वार्तामा प्रधानमन्त्री तथा एमाले अध्यक्ष केपी शर्मा ओली, वरिष्ठ नेता झलनाथ खनाल, उपाध्यक्ष भीम रावल, कांग्रेस सभापति सुशील कोइराला, उपसभापति रामचन्द्र पौडेल, एमाओवादी अध्यक्ष प्रचण्ड, उपाध्यक्ष नारायणकाजी श्रेष्ठ, मोर्चा नेताहरू महन्थ ठाकुर, उपेन्द्र यादव, हृदयेश त्रिपाठी, लक्ष्मणलाल कर्ण, रामनरेश रायलगायत सहभागी थिए ।


विश्लेषण : ओलीको विकल्प खोज्ने दिल्ली रोडम्याप
उपप्रधानमन्त्री एवं परराष्ट्रमन्त्री कमल थापा नेतृत्वको राप्रपा नेपालका सचेतक दिलनाथ गिरिले दिल्लीको चासो काठमाडौंमा व्यक्त गर्न थालिसकेका छन् । थापा दिल्लीबाट फर्केलगत्तै सचेतक गिरिले ‘सरकारले प्रभावकारी काम गर्न नसकेको र यस्तै अवस्था रहे माघपछि सरकारमा नबस्ने’ चेतावनी दिइसकेका छन् । ढिलोचाँडो सरकारबाट बाहिरिने वातावरण राप्रपा नेपालले दिल्लीकै योजनामा अगाडि सारेको राजनीतिक उच्चस्रोतहरू बताउँछन् । आफ्ना सचेतकको अभिव्यक्तिका विषयमा राप्रपा नेपालले औपचारिक टिप्पणी नदिएर गिरिको भनाइमार्फत जुनसुकै बेला पनि सरकारबाट बाहिरिन सक्ने संकेत दिएकै छ । ....... मधेसी नेताले असहमति राखेको संशोधन विधेयकसँग पुनर्निर्माण विधेयक पारित गर्न दिने कांग्रेसको नीतिले तराई–मधेसको आन्दोलन र भूकम्पपीडितको समस्यालाई एउटै ठाउँमा राखेर हेरेको देखिन्छ, यी दुवै बिल्कुलै फरक कुरा हुन् । भिन्दाभिन्दै कुरालाई एउटै अडानमा राखेर कांग्रेसले या त सत्तारुढ दलसँग प्राधिकरणको नेतृत्वमा बार्गेनिङ गरिरहेको छ भन्ने बुझ्नुपर्छ, या त उसले सरकारलाई असहयोग गरेर चाँडो विकल्प खोज्दै छ भनेर लिनुपर्ने हुन्छ । राजनीति उच्च स्रोतहरू भन्छन्, ‘दिल्लीकै योजनामा कांग्रेसले सरकारको विकल्प खोज्न सुरु गरिसकेको छ ।’ ....... कांगेस महाधिवेशनपछि सरकारको विकल्पबारे सोच्न सकिने विषयमा सत्तारुढ एमाले र एमाओवादीकै केही नेताले दिल्लीमा कुराकानी गरिसकेका छन् । ......

नेपाललाई यही रूपमा रहन नदिने ठूलो ‘ग्राइन्ड डिजाइन’ का रूपमा विभिन्न पक्ष सतहमा आएको नेताहरूले महसुस गरेको बुझिन्छ । मधेस आन्दोलन होस् वा नाकाबन्दी यसका पछाडि दिल्लीका केही रणनीतिक कदम देखिएको सबैले मानेका छन् । जेनेभामा मानव अधिकार हननका गम्भीर घटनाका विषय उठाउनु पनि ‘ग्राइन्ड डिजाइन’ अन्तर्गतको एउटा कदम मानिन्छ ।

...... एकीकृत माओवादीका केही नेताले त ‘ग्राइन्ड डिजाइन’ अन्तर्गत नै बाबुरामले पार्टी परित्याग गरेको समेत आरोप लगाएका छन् । दिल्लीको कदमबारे अनौपचारिक कुराकानीमा एक मन्त्रीले भनेका थिए, ‘राजनीतिक पार्टी, राजनीतिक प्रणाली, संविधान, संवैधानिक प्रक्रिया, नेपालको सार्वभौमसत्ता, आन्तरिक एकता र भौगोलिक अखण्डतालाई भत्काउने गरी डिजाइनले काम गरिरहेको छ । र, अहिले नै सबै गर्न सकिने अवस्था छैन । उनीहरूलाई पनि प्रेसर छ । अहिले नै सबै गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने उनीहरूलाई पनि लागेको छैन । किनभने, आफ्नै भूमिमा मोदी सरकारको बदनाम भएको छ । आईएसआर्ईएस जस्ता आतंकवादी संगठनको थे्रट छ । बिहारसम्म आउँदा चुनावी नतिजा प्रतिकूल बन्दै गएको छ । संसद्मा पनि ठूलो विवाद छ । जनस्तरमा पनि चर्चा छ । त्यसकारण अहिले सम्झौता गर्न खोजेजस्तो देखिन्छ ।’ ...... सत्ताको दौडमा जे पनि गर्न तयार गच्छदार मौन छन् । एकीकृत माओवादीभित्रै सरकारको प्रभावकारिताबारे छलफल सुरु भएको छ । एमालेको माधव नेपाल समूह यो गठबन्धनसँग सन्तुष्ट छैन । उधारोमा नमान्ने कुरा अगाडि सारेर राजन्द्र महतोले सरकारलाई अप्ठेरोमा पार्न खोजेको बुझ्न सकिन्छ । ..... मिडिया रिपोर्टले नाकाबन्दीले भारतलाई ७९ अर्बको घाटा भएको बताएका छन् । ..... भारतको राज्यसभामा जुनस्तरमा बहस भयो, यसले काठमाडौंको राजनीतिलाई लिएर दिल्लीमा कुन तहको बेचैनी पैदा गरेको छ भनेर बुझ्न सकिन्छ ..... नेपाललाई हिन्दू राष्ट्र बनाउने उनको रोजाइको एजेन्डा नै हो । हिन्दू राष्ट्र बनाएपछि यसको संरक्षणमा विष्णुका अवतारका रूपमा राजसंस्थाको पुनर्बहाली मोदी सरकारको दीद्र्धकालीन रोडम्याप मानिन्छ । काठमाडौंमा विद्या अन्तिम राष्ट्रपति हुन् भनेर चर्चा चलाउनेहरूले यो कुरा बुझेको देखिन्छ ।


राजेन्द्र महतोको चेतावनी : ‘मधेस आन्दोलनको माग सम्बोधन नभए मुलुक ठूलो दुर्घटनामा फस्ने’
उनले मधेसको सबै माग पुरा नभएसम्म आन्दोलन नरोकिने प्रष्ट पारे । संविधान जारी भएको तीन महिना पुगेका दिन

पुस तीन गते मधेसी आन्दोलनले अन्तिम धक्का दिने तयारी भइरहेको

उनले बताए । पत्रकार सम्मेलनमा संघीय समाजवादी फोरम नेपाल पर्साका अध्यक्ष प्रदिप यादवले तराईमा जारी मधेस आन्दोलनलाई थप सशक्त बनाउन आउँदो पुष २ गतेदेखि आन्दोलनलाई अझ कडा पार्ने जानकारी दिए ।
अख्तियारसँग एमाले–एमाओवादी आक्रमक, काँग्रेस मौन
अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोगले छानविनका लागि पत्र काटेका २९ प्रभावशाली अनुहारमा आफ्ना पार्टीका वरिष्ठ नेतासमेत परेपछि सत्तारुढ प्रमुख दुई बामपन्थी दलभित्र तरंग पैदा भएको छ ...... प्रधानमन्त्री केपी शर्मा ओली र एमाले उप–महासचिव एवम् अर्थमन्त्री विष्णु पौडेलको अख्तियारका प्रमुख आयुक्त लोकमान सिंह कार्कीसँग दैनिक जसो टेलिफोन संवाद हुने खुलासा गरिदिएको छ ...... एमालेभित्र माधव नेपाल समूहका नेतालाई छानी छानी पत्र काटिएको विषय उठेकै बेला एमाले नजिक मानिने साप्ताहिक पत्रिका जनाआस्थाले यसबारे समाचार प्रकाशमा ल्याएको हो । .......... अख्तियारले पत्र काटेका २९ अनुहारमा कांग्रेस समर्थक पूर्वप्रशासकहरु रहेपनि राजनीतिक नेताहरु भने छैनन् । ‘आफ्ना पार्टीका नेताहरुको नाम नभएकाले काँग्रेसले यसवारे मुख नखोलेको हो’ काँग्रेस एक केन्द्रीय सदस्य भने । ....... एमाले र एमाओवादीका नेताहरुले भने अख्तियारका प्रमुख आयुक्त कार्की भारतीय योजना अनुसार अगाडि बढेको दावी गरेका छन् । ‘छानी छानी राष्ट्रवादी छवि भएका नेताहरुलाई पत्र काटनु सामन्य हुँदै होइन’ एमालेका नेताहरु भन्दै आएका छन्, ‘यसका पछाडि कार्कीको ब्याकअपमा कुनै अन्तराष्ट्रिय शक्ति छ भन्ने सहजै अनुमान लगाउन सकिन्छ ।’ प्रमुख आयुक्त कार्कीको कार्यशैलीका विषयमा अन्य आयुक्तले समेत असन्तुष्टी जनाउँदै आएका छन् । ....... जनआन्दोलनपछि बनेको गिरिजाबाबु नेतृत्व सरकारमा मेरो पनि सहभागिता थियो । अहिलेका प्रधानमन्त्री केपी ओली त्यतिबेला उपप्रधानमन्त्री हुनुहुन्थ्यो ।

त्यतिबेला जनआन्दोलन दबाउन भूमिका खेल्ने व्यक्ति भनेर कार्कीलाई मुख्य सचिवबाट हटाइएको थियो ।

पछि फेरि उनलाई प्रमुख आयुक्त बनाउने बेला मलगायत सुरेन्द्र पाण्डे र अरु साथीहरूले पार्टीको पोलिटब्युरो बैठकमा बदनाम मान्छेलाई प्रमुख आयुक्त बनाउन हुँदैन भनेर धारणा राखेका थियौं । अहिले त्यसकै रिसिइबी साँध्न उनले छानिछानी कारबाही गरेका हुन् ।
संघीयतामा कर्मचारी व्यवस्थापनको खाका बन्दै
हाल रहेका ८० हजार कर्मचारीको व्यवस्थापन कसरी गर्ने