Janadesh: Rumblings Of An October Revolution?

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/fHo;Qfdflysf] clwsf/ k|flKt eGbf tn em/]/ ;Demf}tf ug{'eg]sf] cfTd;dk{0fjfb xf] eGg'x'“b} s=afbnn] hftLo, If]qLo, lnËLo cflb lsl;dsf d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ s;/L ljho;Dd k'¥ofpg] eGg] xn g]skf -dfcf]jfbl_n] lbPsf] 5 eGg'eof] . pxf“n] cGtdf ls/ft df]rf{n] ls/ftnfO{ dw]z;+u hf]8\g ;Sg'kb{5 / olb ls/ftn] cfk\mgf Ph]08fnfO{ dw]z;+u hf]8\g ;s]g eg] Tof] k[ystfjfbdf km:g] s'/f atfpg'eof] .
;Dd]ngn] >Lk|;fb hj]u'sf] g]t[Tjdf b'O{ ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L !% ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIf qmddf gu]Gb|k|;fb lwdfn, l/a;L vDa', lzj/fh ;'g'jf/, dxf;lrjdf d'S;fjfË, d]Ëjf], ;lrj k|]ds'df/ leds, sf]iffWoIfdf jL/tf ofVrf x'g'x'G5 eg] ;b:ox?df qmdzM b]jfg vDa', an/fd /fO{, ljlgtf ls/ftL, OGb|snf dfcf]jf, /fds'df/ Oª\df]/d yfdk|;fb ;fªkfª x'g'x'G5 .
gjlgjf{lrt cWoIf hj]un] cfk"mn] kfPsf] lhDd]jf/L P]ltxfl;s cj;/ / r'gf}tL b'a} /x]sf] lhDdjf/L xf] eGgx'“b} cfOkg{] r'gf}tLx?nfO{ ;a} qmflGtsf/L tKsf hf] hftLo, If]qLo, lnËLo d'lQmsf vflt/ n8\g] ;a}sf] ;xof]udf xn ug{] atfp“b} qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ nfu" / ljsf; ub{} pTkLl8t hgtfsf d'lQmsf vflt/ n8\g]x?sf] g]t[Tj kfpg' cfk\mgf nflu ;'gf}nf] cj;/ ePsf] klg pxf“n] JoQm ug{'eof] . cfk"mn] ls/ft k|b]zleqsf cGo hfltx?sf d'lQmsf vflt/ gn8\g] qmflGtsf/L x'g g;Sg] dt /fVb} cWoIf hj]u'n] ;a} hfltx?sf] nflu ljz]ifflwsf/ lbOg'kg{] atfpg'eof] . ljutsf / jt{dfg ;/sf/n] ljb]zL zlQmx?sf] bnfnL u/]sf] 5 eGg'x'“b} pxf“n] ;fdGtL /fhtGqjfbLsf lj?4 nf]stGqjfbL zlQmx?aLr df]rf{ u7g u/L Jofks cGt/lqmof / ax;sf] yfngL u/]sf] hgfpg'eof] . nf]stflGqs u0ftGq lagf hftLo cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/;lxtsf] :jfoQ zf;g k|fKt ug{] af6f]df cl3 a9\g g;Sg] hgfp“b} ;a} ls/ftLx?n] nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf ug{] ljb|f]xdf ;xefuL x'g'kg{] atfpg'eof] .
;Dd]ng emfsL, afhfufhf;lxt cfPsf xhf/f}+ hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf 3f]if0ff;ef u/L ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . 3f]if0ff;ef g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o uf]kfn vDa', ;Gtf]if a'9fdu/nufot cGo JolQmTjx?sf] pkl:ylt lyof] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} cltlyåon] jt{dfg /fhgLlts cj:yfsf] rrf{ ub{} ;Defljt ljb|f]xsf nflu tof/ /xg ;Dk"0f{ ls/ftjf;L hgtfnfO{ cfx\jfg ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

zflGtsf] a]nf o'4sf] k|lzIf0f
sf7df8f}+ ÷ g]kfndf zflGtjftf{ rln/x“bf ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf cfPsf] elgPsf] …g]kfnL ;]gfÚ s] ul//x]sf] xf]nf eGg] lh1f;f x'g;S5 . w]/}nfO{ nfUg;S5 pm ;/sf/sf] of]hgfcg';f/ yf]/} eP klg nf]stflGqs x'“b}xf]nf jf clxn] g]kfn k"/} af9L klx/f]n] u|:t x'“bf pm p4f/sf] tof/Ldf xf]nf .
t/ kf7sj[Gb † o:tf] ;f]lr/xg'ePsf] 5 eg] Tof] laNs'n unt x'g]5 . zfxL ;]gf g t s'g} nf]stflGqs/0fsf] kfOnf rNb}5 g t p4f/sf] tof/L ub{}5 . a? zfxL ;]gfsf jl/i7 hg{]nx? sf7df8f}+sf] dx“uf] xf6]ndf cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] tk{maf6 k|ltcft+sjfb tflnd lnO/x]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] …cd]l/sf Kofl;lkms sdf08Úaf6 cfPsf] Pp6f l6d tyf g]kfnl:yt cd]l/sL /fhb"tfjf;df sfo{/t sd{rf/L;d]tn] k|lzIf0f lbPsf] l;len ldln6/L /]:kf]G;];\ 6' 6]/f]l/Hd -;L;LPdcf/_ gfdsf] pQm sfo{zfnf aQL;k'tnLl:yt xf]6n åfl/sfhdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ebf} ^ ut]b]lv !) ut];dd rn]sf] pQm sfo{zfnfdf g]kfnL ;]gf, /Iff dGqfno / k|x/Lsf #@ hgf jl/i7 clwsf/Lx? ;xefuL ePsf lyP .
g]kfndf rln/x]sf] zflGtjftf{k|lt 3f]/ a]jf:tf / cgf:yf k|s6 ub{} ;DkGg ePsf] pQm sfo{zfnfsf] pb\3f6g ug{] qmddf /fhkl/ifb\sf k"j{ ;efklt s]z/h+u /fodfemLsf 5f]/f tyf zfxL ;]gfsf] la|u]l8o/ hg/n bLlnk /fodfemLn] dfcf]jfbLsf] gfd glnOsg g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s ;d:ofx?;+u h'‰g cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] ;xof]u cjfZos ePsf] dfq atfPsf lyPgg\ a? To:tf] ;xof]u k|fKt gePdf cfk"mx?n] s]xL ug{ g;Sg] atfPsf lyP . cd]l/sL ;]gfsf k|lzIfsn] ;d]t zflGtjftf{k|lt / jt{dfg kl/jlt{t kl/l:yltk|lt 3f]/ pk]Iff ub{} k|lzIf0fx? lbPsf 5g\ . cui6 @$ -ebf} ( ut]_sf] sfo{zfnfdf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ lbOPsf] k|lzIf0fkqsf] ;fdfGo ;Nnfx pkzLif{sdf …dflglnpm clxn]sf] /fhgLlts j:t'l:yltdf s'g} kl/jt{g ePsf] 5}gÚ, …jt{dfg /fhgLlts kl/l:yltsf ;Ldfx?nfO{ ufnL u/]/ ;do v]/ gkmfnÚ h:tf pQ]hs / jftf{sf] ;du| k|lqmof ljk/Lt s'/fx? pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ . To;sf ;fy} pQm k|lzIf0fkqdf ;/sf/n] u|fdL0f txdf ;'/Iff, :yfloTj lbg g;s]sf] / s'g} klg If]qdf k|ult ug{ g;s]sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
o;/L g]kfnL cl:dtf, :jfledfg, s'6g}lts dof{bf / jt{dfg jftf{ k|lqmofsf] kl/l:yltnfO{ 7f8} r'gf}tL lbO{ g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ k|lzIf0f lbg] cd]l/sL ;]gfsf clws[tx?df cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] Kofl;lkms sdf08sf cjsfz k|fKt s0f{]n l6df]y x]g]ODofg, n]lk\m6g]G6 8\oflgPn ;L= r]i6, l;lgo/ ;fh{]G6 dfs{ P= hf]G;, l;lgo/ ;fh]{G6 a|fog P= 8\o"8 tyf cGo ljleGg kbsf clwsf/Lx? P8j8{ ;L= hf]hL{, kpn cfd{:6ǻ ;]nL kfnd/ / lqm:6f]km/ xf]nz]s /x]sf 5g\ . ;f] sfo{zfnfdf cd]l/sL /fhb"tfjf;sf] tkm{af6 n/]G; Pd= l:dy ;xefuL /x]sf lyP . cd]l/sL ;}Go clwsf/Lx?dWo] a|fog P= 8\o"8, dfs{ P= hf]G; / 8\oflgon ;L= r];/ yk tLg xKtf g]kfnd} /xL ;]gfsf Aof/]sx?sf] lg/LIf0f, zfxL ;]gfnfO{ yk k|lzIf0f lbg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] g]kfnL ;]gf lgs6 ;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 .
;f] sfo{zfnfdf efu lng] g]kfnL ;]gfsf pRr clwsf/Lx?df la|u]l8o/ hg/n uf}/j zdz]/ ha/f, la|u]l8o/ hg/n nf]saxfb'/ yfkf du/, la|u]l8o/ hg/n g]kfne"if0f rGb, s0f{]n tf/faxfb'/ sfsL{, s0f{]n k|]dk|sfz yfkf, s0f{]n /ldGb| If]qL, n]lk\m6g]G6 s0f{]n gjhLt /f0ff, s[i0faxfb'/ /f0ff, lxdf+z' v8\sfnufot 5g\ . To;}u/L /Iff dGqfnoaf6 e"k]Gb| kf}8]n / g]kfn k|x/Lsf] pkTosf l8P;kL bLksl;+x yfªb]gnufot 5g\ .
zflGtjftf{df ;/sf/n] tyfslyt xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf] d'2fdf cQf] yflk/x“bf Psflt/ cd]l/sL ;]gfn] g]kfnL cl:dtfnfO{ ldRb} g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ …k|ltcft+sjfbÚsf] tflnd lbO/x]sf] 5 eg] g]kfn e|d0fdf cfPsf] cd]l/sL ;f+;bx?sf] 6f]nL xltof/ gla;fP;Dd -ga'emfP;Dd_ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;/sf/df ;fd]n ug{gx'g] wDsL lbP/ kmls{Psf] 5 . cd]l/sL ;f+;bx?sf] pQm 6f]nLnufot g]kfnsf] j:t'l:ylt cWoog ug{] gfddf cfPsf cd]l/sLnufot s]xL b]zsf o:tf sfOt] 6f]nLx?sf] p2]Zo dfcf]jfbLdfly bjfa lbg] /x]sf] ko{j]Ifsx? atfp“5g\ .
o;aLr g]kfnL ;]gfn] lj:tf/} ;/sf/nfO{ / ;+;bnfO{ wDSofp“b} cfk\mgf k|ltufdL c8fgx? t]:of{pg yfn]sf] 5 . To;}u/L sf+u|]; Pdfn]sf ;f+;bx? klg lj:tf/} ;]gfsf] wDsL / rfKn';Ldf km:g yfn]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ;+;bdf k|:t't u/]sf] ;}lgs P]gdf cfk\mgf k|ltufdL c8fg /fv]/ ck|ToIf?kdf wDSofpg] / ;f+;bx?nfO{ ;}lgs d'Vofnodf af]nfP/ ef]h v'jfO rfKn';L ug{] b'a} /0fgLlt Ps;fy cjnDag u/]sf] 5 .
o;}qmddf rf/–rf/ jif{ pd]/ ;RofP/ ;]gfdf hflu/ vfPsf / xfn} dfq k|=d= lul/hfåf/f sf=d'= k|wfg;]gfklt agfOPsf ?Sdfª\ut s6'jfnn] k|ltlglw;ef /fHoJoj:yf ;ldltdf ;]gfsf] lgo'lQmdf nf]s;]jf cfof]unfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ gx'g], ;]gfsf] af/]df gful/s cbfntdf d'2f rnfpg gkfOg], k|wfg;]gfkltsf] Dofb rf/ jif{ g} /fVg'kg{], ;'/Iff kl/ifb\df k|wfg;]gfklt klg /fVg'kg{] h:tf c8fgx? /fv]sf 5g\ . o;n] ;/sf/n] agfPsf] gLlt lgoddf ;]gf rNg] xf] ls ;]gfsf] wDsLk"0f{ ;Nnfxdf ;/sf/ rNg] xf] eg] k|Zg v8f u/]sf] 5 . ptf cfk"mnfO{ ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg ;+;bsf] zlQmzfnL ;f+;b 7fGg] sf+u|]; / Pdfn]sf s]xL g]tfx? zfxL ;]gfsf] /fqLef]hsf] nf]edf ;}lgs d'Vofno;Dd k'u]sf 5g\ . ;f+;bx?sf] o:tf] hglj/f]wL rfnfn] tL ;f+;bx? st} zfxL ;]gfsf] …x\jL:sLÚdf t las]gg\ eGg] z+sf klg pAhfPsf] 5 .
knkndf alNem/xg] a]kQf kl/jf/sf] 3fp
= ;+uLtf v8\sf
k6s–k6s 5f]/fn] afafsf] af/]df ;f]Wbf lji0f'dfof ;w}+ Pp6} pQ/ lbg] ub{l5g\, æafaf aflx/ sfddf hfg'ePsf] 5 . l5§} cfpg'x'G5 .Æ & jifL{o gfafns 5f]/fnfO{ t Tof] pQ/n] e'nfpFl5g\ t/ pgL cfkm} cg'Ql/t l5g\, cfkm\gf] >Ldfg slxn] cfpF5g\ eGg] af/]df . @)^@ ;fn c;f]h @$ ut] sf7df08f}sf] ef]6flx6L rf]sdf cfkm\g} ;fyaf6 vf];]/ nluPsf >Ldfg lx/f a=/f]Ssfsf af/]df lu/km\tf/LkZrft\ pgn] s]xL va/ kQf nufpg ;lsgg\ . cfkm\g} ;fyaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L zfxL ;]gfn] nu]kl5 lji0f'dfofn] dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3;+:yfb]lv cbfntsf] 9f]sf;Dd k'lug\ t/ klg pgsf] >Ldfg\sf] va/ kQf nfu]g . xfn;fn} cfP/ zfxL ;]gfn] b'O{k6s Pp6} em'6nfO{ bf]xf]¥ofP/ g'jfsf]6 lhNnf, ssgL uflj; lgjf;L lx/faxfb'/ /f]sfnfO{ pgsL >LdtLsf] lhDdf nufO{ l/xf ul/;lsPsf] k|rf/ u/]kl5 eg] pgL crDddf k/]sL l5g\ . pgsf] w}o{tfn] ;Ldf gf3]sf] 5 . zfxL ;]gfsf] To:tf] hjfkmn] pgdf cfqmf]z yk]sf] 5 . lbpF;} /ft kfg{ vf]Hg] ;/sf/L egfO em'6sf] k/fsfi7f ePsf] atfpFl5g\ lji0f'dfof . j]kQf kfl/Psf gful/ssf] kl/jf/n] ef]lu/x]sf] kL8fsf] af/]df lji0f'dfof elG5g\, …of] kn–kndf b'Mlv/xg] ulx/f] 3fpm xf], h;df ;/sf/n] af/Daf/ g'gr's 5l//x]sf] 5 .Ú
@)^) ;fn d+l;/ !$ ut] kqmfp k/]sL sf7df08f}, g}sfk lgjf;L /]0f'sf b'nfnsf afa' rGb| axfb'/ b'nfnn] klg 5f]/L lu/km\tf/ k/]b]lv cfh;Dd 5f]/Lsf] vf]hLdf s'g} s;/ afFsL /fv]sf 5}gg\ . t/klg pgn] s]xL kQf] nufpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . Pp6Ldfq} 5f]/L a]kQf x'Fbf afa'sf] dgdf k/]sf] rf]6 t 5Fb}5, /]0f'sfsL cfdfnfO{ ;+emfpg rGb|axfb'/nfO{ w]/} ufx|f] k/]sf] 5 . s'g} rf8kj{ cfcf];\ cyjf s;}n] 5f]/Lsf] gfddfq n]cf];\ gfgLd}of b'nfnsf] cfFvfaf6 cfF;' aUg z'? e}xfN5 . 5f]/L j]kQf ePb]lv ljleGg /f]uaf6 lj/fdL kl//xg] ;d:of klg gfgLd}ofdf 5 .
emfkf lhNnfsf] eLdaxfb'/ a:g]t cfkm\gf b'O{–b'O{j6f 5f]/f j]kQf ePsf] kL8f af]s]/ dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3;+:yf / cbfnt wfpg yfn]sf] s/La b'O{ jif{ ljTg nflu;Sof] t/ ;/sf/n] pgLh:tf xhf/f}+ kl/jf/sf] kL8f a'‰g] t k/} hfcf];\ emg\ kL8f yKg] sfd dfq} ul//x]sf] 5 . k'ik a:g]t / lw/]Gb| a:g]t;Fu} csf{ 5f]/f lj/]Gb| a:g]t klg klxn] a]kQf cj:yfdf lyP . pgL s]xL ;do cl3 l/xf ePsf x'g\ . led a=a:g]t 5f]/fx?sf] a]kQfn] kL8f yk]sf] 5Fb}5, To;sf] ;fy} ;/sf/k|lt cfqmf]z a9fPsf] 5 .
@)%^ ;fn h]i7 & ut] ;'Gwf/f 6]jfxnaf6 k|x/Lx?n] lu/km\tf/ u/L j]kQf agfOPsf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o b08kfl0f Gof}kfg]sf] vf]hLdf >LdtL zfGtf Gof}kfg] klg lu/km\tf/Lsf] nuQ} nflukl/g\ . lu/km\tf/ ePsf] b]Vg]x? klg 5g\ t/ clxn];Dd s'g} kQf] nfUg ;s]g . o;/L a]kQf kfl/Psf b08kfl0f Gof}kfg], ldng g]kfnL b]lv ljBfyL{ g]tfx? k'0f{ kf}8]n, ljlkg e08f/L, gljg /fO{, lbn axfb'/ /fO{, 1fg]Gb| lqkf7L, lgZrn gsdL{ nufot j]kQf kfl/Psf xhf/f} kl/jf/n] cfkm\gf cfkmGtsf] vf]lh ug{ ;a}lt/ wfP“ t/ cbfntaf6 klg gePkl5 ljut tLg rf/ aif{ cl3b]lv a]kQf gful/ssf ;dfhsf] gfddf kl/jf/x? ;+ul7t eP/ bafad'ns ;+3if{ ub} cfPsf 5g\ . t/ sfgdf t]n xfn]/ a;]sf] h'g;'s} ;/sf/n] klg a]kQf gful/ssf kl/jf/sf] kL8f ;'lglbg] t k/} hfcf];\ To;nfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{ k6s k6s cfZjf;g dfq} afF8\of] . klxn] klxn]sf] zfxL ;/sf/ jf To;eGbf cl3sf v]tfnf ;/sf/x?n] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs gu/]klg hgcfGbf]ngkl5 ag]sf] ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs ug]{5 eGg] cfzf kl/jf/df lyof] . t/, clxn] Tof] cfzf klg 6'6\b} uPsf] atfpF5g\ a]kQf gful/ssf kl/jf/x? . /fli6«o ?kdf cem} Jojl:yt 9+un] ;+ul7t eP/ cl3 a9\g] p2]Zon] oxL ebf}+ !* ut] j]kQf gful/ssf kl/jf/sf] /fli6«o e]nf klg x'Fb}5 . clxn] kl/jf/x? To;}sf] tof/Ldf h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . klxn] klxn] /fhgLlts s'/faf6 a]va/ x'g] a'9fa'9L a'afcfdfx? clxn] b]zdf rln/x]sf] 36gfqmdsf] ljZn]if0f ul//x]sf] e]l6G5g\ . a]kQf kl/jf/sf] afuahf/l:yt sfof{nodf e]l6g] kl/jf/x? /fhgLlts 36gfqmdk|lt cf–cfkm\gf] wf/0ff /flv/x]sf x'G5g\ . cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] ;xL af6f] lnPsf] s'/fdf ljZj:t 5g\ . j]kQf kfl/Psf ljlkg e08f/LsL cfdf zfGtf e08f/L eGg'x'G5, …5f]/fx?sf] a]kQfsf] kL8fn] xfdLnfO{ cem bx|f] agfPsf] 5 . xfdLnfO{ ;/sf/sf] u}/lhDd]jf/ kf/fn] lg/f; xf]Og, ;/sf/k|lt emg} cfqmf]z yk]sf] 5 .Ú
OGb|s]z/L >]i7 h;sf] Pp6f 5f]/f / b'O{ hgf HjfOF a]kQf ePsf 5g\ . ;/sf/k|ltsf] cfqmf]z pgdf olt ag]sf] 5 ls pgL elG5g\, æca ;a} kl/jf/ ldn]/ clGtd n8fOF n8\g'kb{5 . xfd|f 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs geP;Dd s'g} klg cfZjf;gnfO{ ljZjf; ug{ x'Gg .Æ
cfufdL ebf} !* ut] x'g] /fli6«o e]nfn] ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx? to ug]{ hfgsf/L e]nf cfof]hs ;ldltsf ;+of]hs zld{nf lqkf7L atfpg'x'G5 . lxhf];Dd cfcfkm\gf] 3/of;L sfddf g} ;Lldt x'g] a'afcfdfx? clxn] lbgx"F sfof{nosf wfpF5g\ / s;/L cufl8 a9\g] eGg] s'/fdf 5nkmn ul//xG5g\ . o;eGbf cufl8;Dd zfob} s'g} lbg cfFvf cf]efPsf] xf];\ t/ clxn] kl/jf/x? Tof] kL8fnfO{ cfqmf]zdf abn]/ ;+ul7t ?kdf cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ . cfkmGtx? a]kQf kfl/Fbsf] kL8fnfO{ s'g} zAbdf JoQm ug{ g;lsg] atfpF5g\ kl/jf/x? . Ps}l5gdf cfzf / lg/fzfsf afbnx? d8fl//x]sf] x'Fbf lg/Gt/?kdf ;Fw} ef]lu/xg'kg]{ kL8fn] cfkm"x?n] ;w}+ dfgl;s oftgf kfO/x]sf] cg'e"lt kl/jf/x?n] u/]sf 5g\ . e]nfkZrft\ ul/g] ;+3if{n] ;a} s'/fsf] l5gf]kmfgf] ug'{kg]{ / To;sf nflu h:tf];'s} d"No r'sfpg klg cfkm"x? tof/ /x]sf] atfpF5g\ .
sfg"gL /fHosf] jsfnt ug]{ ;/sf/n] xhf/f}+ gful/sx?nfO{ rNnfnfO{ lrnn] a]kQf kf/]em}+ a]kQf kf/]sf] 5 . o;eGbf cufl8 h] h] eP klg hgcfGbf]ng kZrft\ ag]sf] ;/sf/n] a]kQf gful/ssf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs ug'{kb{Yof] eGg] dfu kl/jf/x? ub{5g\ . s'g s'g Aof/]sn] sxfF sxfF /fv] / s] s] u/] eGg] tYofÍ Ps lbgd} a6'Ng ;Sg] ePklg oxL ;/sf/n] klg j]kQf kl/jf/nfO{ cNemfpg w]/} k6s cfZjf;g lbO;s]sf] 5 . k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg]{ gfddf Ps dlxgfsf] cjlw lbg] / To;nfO{ cjlw yk ub}{ nfg]df g} ;Lldt 5 . xhf/f}+ gful/s a]kQf kf/]sf] /fHosf] ?kdf cfkm\gf] s'?k cg'xf/ b]vfP/ ;Qfdf g} /lx/xg] g}lts clwsf/ ca ;Qfdf a:g]x?nfO{ 5 ls 5}g < style="font-weight: normal;">hgtflGqs df]rf{ cj;fglt/
hgsk'/ ÷ dw]zL hgtfsf] lxtsf] nflu n8]sf] gfddf dw]zL hgtfdfly g} pTkL8g nfb\g] / dw]zL hgtfsf] ;d]t d'lQmsf] nflu nl8/x]sf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / dw]zL d'lQm df]rf{sf sfo{stf{sf] xTof;d]t ug{] cfk/flws sfo{df nfu]sf] t/fO{ hgtflGqs d'lQm df]rf{ ;dfKt x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ pQm df]rf{nfO{ jftf{sf] nflu cfx\jfg ubf{;d]t dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{nfO{ cfqmd0fsf] lgzfg agfpg g5f]8]kl5 df]rf{leqsf s}of}+ ljb|f]x u/L dfcf]jfbLdf k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ eg] cGo bh{gf}+n] xftxltof/;lxt cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf 5g\ .
o;}qmddf ebf} !! ut] pQm df]rf{sf] ;Kt/L lhNnf ;}Go sdf08/ ljgf]bs'df/ ofbj -s=ljj]s_n] 7"nf] dfqfdf xltof/;lxt ljb|f]x u/L g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_d} k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ . ;Kt/Lsf] cf/bx ufh;df /x]sf] hg;]gfsf] SofDkdf cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] ofbjnfO{ :jfut u/L clegGbg;d]t u¥of] ofbjn] tLg yfg P;PdhL, b'O{ yfg dfph/, tLg yfg df:s]6 / %) /fp08 uf]nL;lxt ljb|f]x u/]sf x'g\ . ;f]xL kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf df]rf{sf cGo rf/ ;b:on] cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf lyP .
kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ofbjnfO{ :jfut ub{} l;/fxf–;Kt/Lsf O~rfh{ s=/d]zn] df]rf{ cfk\mgf uNtL sdhf]/L :jLsf/ u/L cfPdf pgLx?;+u jftf{ ug{ tof/ /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf lhNnf ;xO~rfh{ s=lbgs/ / lhNnf ;]qm]6/L cd/ klg pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] .
To;}u/L l;/fxf / ;Kt/Ldf df]rf{n] cfk\mgf] u9 dfGg] u/]sf] l5Ggd:tf ufh;n] hg;]gfn] Aof/]s :yfkgf u/L cf;kf;sf ufp“df ;'/Iff ultljlwnfO{ tLa|tf lbPkl5 hgtflGqssf] ultljlw nueu ;dfKt k|foM ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf l;/fxf–;Kt/Lsf lhNnf g]tfx? hgtflGqs nueu ;dfKt ePsf] /fo JoQm u5{g\ .
o;cl3 ;fpg #! ut] laxfg l;/fxfsf] ;}g7f ufh;sf] sdnk'/ Onfsfdf hg;]gfsf] Ps 6's8Ln] hgtflGqs df]rf{sf b'O{ ;b:onfO{ xltof/;lxt lu/k\mtf/ u/]sf lyP . o;/L lu/k\mtf/Ldf k/]sf /fdljnf; ofbj / dl0fsnfn ofbjsf ;fyaf6 hgd'lQm ;]gfn] !@ af]/sf] aGb's b'O{ gfn, To;sf] @# /fp08 uf]nL, Ps yfg s6'jf k]:tf]n To;sf] !) yfg uf]nL, gub @* xhf/ ?k}of“, Ps yfg df]6/;fOsn, b'O{ yfg e]mfnfx? sAhf u/]sf lyP . hg;]gfsf] sAhfdf k/]sf tL b'O{n] l;/fxfdf !( hgf hlt dfq hgtflGqsdf ;lqmo /x]sf] atfPsf lyP .
o;/L dw]zL hgtflj?4 g} hgtflGqs df]rf{ pq]kl5 dw]zsf hgtf pQm df]rf{k|lt g} cfqmf]lzt x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . l;/fxf d+unk'/–% lgjf;L /fdcflzif ofbj eG5g\– oL hgtflGqs ;d"xn] xfdL ;a}nfO{ b'Mv lbO/x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ l;Wofpg'k5{ .
hg;]gfsf] bf];|f] l8lehgcGtu{tsf j6flnog sdf08/ argn] hgtflGqsx?åf/f l;lh{t ;d:of xn ug{ hgtfsf] tk{maf6 cfk"mx?nfO{ /fd|f] ;xof]u ldn]sf] atfpg'eof] .
ljjfbu|:t b:tfj]h cGtl/d ;+ljwfg
sf7df8f}+ ÷ ut c;f/ @ ut] ;DkGg afn'jf6f/ lzv/ jftf{sf] lgb{]zgdf cf7a'“b] ;xdlt adf]lhd ul7t cGtl/d ;+ljwfg d:of}bf ;ldltn] ut z'qmaf/ ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLnfO{ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf a'emfPsf] 5 . u7g k|lqmofb]lv g} ljjfbdf -aNemb}_ kb{}cfPsf] / tLg ls:tfdf k"0f{tf k|fKt u/]sf] ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf k"j{ GofofwLz nId0f cof{nsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t d:of}bf ;ldltn] ljjfb}ljjfbsf aLraf6 @^ efu / !&@ wf/fsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg d:of}bf tof/ u/]sf] 5 . !% lbgdf d:of}bf tof/ ug{] cg'dlt kfPsf] ;f] ;ldltn] &) lbg nufp“bf klg ;+ljwfgsf] cGt/j:t' vf; u/]/ /fhg}lts d'2fsf] ljifodf vfsf k|:t't ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . d:of}bf ;ldltleq} /fli6«o hgfj/, /fli6«o k"mnh:tf lemgfdl;gf ljifodf ljjfb / 5nkmndf clNemb} uPsf] eP klg /fhg}lts bnx?af6 /fhg}lts d'2fdf ;dod} :ki6 wf/0ff;lxtsf] ;'emfj glbOgfn] d:of}bf tof/ ug{] sfddf nfdf] ;do nfu]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 . To;f] t /fhg}lts kf6L{sf j}rfl/s k|ltlaDa d:of}bf ;ldltleq klg b]lvg'nfO{ k|ltlaDa dfGg'kg{] ljifo xf]Og lsgls d:of}bf ;ldlt klg /fhg}lts ;d"xaf6} lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] .
cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] /fhfsf af/]df, ;]gfnfO{ /fli6«o ;]gf agfpg] ljifodf, cGtl/d Joj:yflksf / ;+ljwfg;efsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;+Vof ls6fgL ug{] ;jfndf / aflnu cyjf dtbfg ug{] pd]/sf] ;d]t lgSof{]n ug{ g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . gful/ssf] ljifo klg clg0f{osf] 3]/fdf /x]sf] 5 . o;/L /fhg}lts d'2fdf k|j]z ug{} g;Sg'sf k5fl8 /fhg}lts bnx?sf] j}rfl/s k|ltlaDa d:of}bf ;ldltdf k/]sf] :ki6 b]lvG5 . :ki6 s'/f s] klg xf] eg] ;Qf;Lg /fhg}lts bnx? ljutdf dfcf]jfbL;+u u/]sf !@ a'“b] ;dembf/Lb]lv cf7a'“b] tyf kf“ra'“b] ;xdltx?;d]t ;a}af6 ljrlnt x'“b} uPsf 5g\ . pgLx?sf dl:tisdf j}b]lzs zlQms]Gb|x?sf] lgb{]zg el/Psf] 5 . t;y{ pgsf k|ltlglwx?n] d:of}bf ;ldltdf klg ;f]xL s'/f cf]sNg'nfO{ cfZro{ dfGg'kg{] ljifo g} /x]g . To;}sf/0f /fhtGqfTds ;fdGtjfbL /fHo ;+/rgfnfO{ lj:yflkt u/L nf]stflGqs u0ftGq;lxtsf] ;+3Lo u0ftflGqs /fHo ;+/rgfsf] cjwf/0ff d:of}bf ;+ljwfgdf d"lt{s[t ug{ ;ldlt c;dy{ /x\of] .
d:of}bfsf] b:tfj]hsf] ef]n'g hlt;'s} 7"nf] eP klg ;f/j:t' d"lt{s[t x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f dfcf]jfbL jl/i7 g]tf 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{n] d:of}bfnfO{ vfnL af]tnsf] ;+1f lbg'nfO{ plrt 7flgG5 . x'g t sltko d:of}bf tof/L ;ldltsf ;b:o klg of] v];|fk|lt ;Gtf]if b]lv+b}gg\ . lsgeg] pgLx? klg k|To]s ljifodf nfdf] jfbljjfb tyf 5nkmnaf6 lgrf]8df k'Ug g;s]kl5 cfk\mgf] dt bh{ ug{ afWo ePsf 5g\ . To;f] t d:of}bf x:tfGt/0f cj;/df dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL ;+of]hs s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg d:of}bfn] cu|ufdL lgsf;sf lgldQ dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg ug{] ck]Iff JoQm ug{' ePaf6 /fhg}lts If]qsf ljjflbt ljifox? ;/sf/;+usf] ;+jfbaf6 6'+Uofpg ;lsg] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 . jf:tjdf d:of}bfdf 6'+lug g;s]sf /fhg}lts dxŒjsf ljifox? /fi6« / hgtfsf efUo / eljio;+u uf“l;Psf x'gfn] ;f] sf] lg0f{o csf{] lzv/ jftf{af6 dfq ;+ej b]lvG5 .
a;Gtk'/df eJo hg;ef x'g]
sf7df8f}+ ÷ ;Dk"0f{ ;Qf a[xb nf]stflGqs /fli6«o ;Dd]ngnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/ † lg;t{ ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t\ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf u/ eGg] d"n gf/f af]sL g]jfM /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnn] ut s]lx dlxgf b]lv ;+rfng u/]sf] g]jfM :jfoQ u0ftflGqs :jlguM cleofgsf] hg;ef / hg;f+:s[lts;efsf] ;dfkg sfo{qmd oxL ebf} !^ ut] a]n'sL $M#) ah] sf7df8f}+sf] d'6' a;Gtk'/ 8anLdf ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf k|jQmf Pj+ jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;+of]hs s=s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg x'g nfu]sf] pQm ;dfkg sfo{qmdsf cltlyx?df g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s=lxl;nf old,
;Nnfxsf/ s=lblnk dxh{g, g]jfM df]rf{sf cWoIf kjgdfg >]i7, jl/i7 dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf kß/Tg t'nfw/, dNn=s]= ;'Gb/, g]kfn efiffsf k|Voft slj b'uf{nfn >]i7 cflb x'g'x'G5 .
To:t}u/L ut ebf} ( ut] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf 8]k'6L sdf08/ s=k|efs/ -hgfb{g zdf{_sf] k|d'v cfltYodf eQmk'/sf] b/af/ :Sjfo/leq klg Ps a[xb\ hg;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] ;+;bjfbL bnx?n] h'g lsl;dsf] l9nf] ul//x]sf] 5 o;sf] lj?4df ;Dk"0f{ ;r]t ju{n] ;+3if{ ug'{kg]{ / o;/L g} hgtfsf] cfsf+Iff lj?4 uPdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x}g ls csf]{ 5'§} k|sf/sf] ljb|f]x ug'{ kg]{ klg atfpg'eof] . To:t}u/L csf{ cltly lxl;nf oldn] cleofgsf] d'Vo p2]Zo eg]sf] g]jf/ hfltsf] cflbe"ld pkTosfnfO{ g]jfM :jfoQ u0ftGq 3f]if0ff ug]{ / hflto–If]qLo :jfoQ zf;g;lxtsf] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ atfpg'eof] .
;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ csf{ cltly g]jfM df]rf{sf cWoIf kjgdfg >]i7n] g]jf/ hfltnfO{ p7fpg] xf] eg] pgLx?sf]] xftaf6 v]l;;s]sf] pwf]u, Joj;fo k'gM Ps k6s pgLx?nfO{ g} lbg'kg]{ / ;f“Rr} g} hghfltx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ xf] eg] pgLx?nfO{ cfTdlg0f{o;lxtsf] hftLo :jfoQtf lbg'kg]{df klg hf]8 lbg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf k|jf;af6 cfpg' ePsf OR5's ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ / pkTosf leqsf g]jfM snfsf/x?n] qmflGtsf/L uLt, g[To / ck]/f k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfnaf/] a]nfotdf sfo{qmd
n08g ÷ g]kfnsf] hgo'4sf] ;dy{gdf / g]kfn eO/x]sf] j}b]lzs x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]wdf ;]K6]Da/ @ -ebf} !& ut]_ n08gdf Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf x'g] ePsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmd ljZj hgk|lt/f]w cfGbf]ng -la|6]g_ / g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf x'g nfu]sf] xf] . a]nfotsf] /]8 nfOg :Sjfo/df cjl:yt sf]gj] xndf g]kfnsf] hg;+3if{sf] P]Soa4tfsf] cGt/f{li6«o lbj;sf] Ps efusf ?kdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] atfOPsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmddf b'a} ;+u7gsf jQmfx?sf] pkl:yt x'g] / sfo{qmdsf] qmddf 5f]6f] lkmNd klg k|bz{g x'g] hgfOPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L sfo{qmddf g]kfnL hg;+3if{;DaGwL 8LeL8Lx? / …g]kfnsf] qmflGtnfO{ ;dy{g u/f}+Ú eGg] l6–;6{x? klg pknAw /x]sf] cfof]hs ;+u7gx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .
klZrd g]kfndf af9Lklx/f]
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4fx? p4f/ sfo{df
hgf]bz ;+jfbbftf
g]kfnu~h ÷ tLg lbg cl3b]lv nuftf/ kl//x]sf] jiff{sf sf/0f klZrd g]kfnsf kxfl8 / t/fO{sf e"–efux?df klx/f] / 8'afgn] ;of}+ 3/x? Ifltu|:t ePsf 5g\ . c5fd lhNnfsf vKt8 ufh;df ebf} !) ut] /flt uPsf] eLif0f klx/f]sf sf/0f b'O{ ;o 3/ k'l/Psf] 5 . klx/f]sf sf/0f nfvf}+sf] Iflt x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L cla/n jiff{sf sf/0f af“s] / alb{ofsf clwsf+z efu hndUg ePsf 5g\ . xfd|f ;xsdL{sf cg';f/ g]kfnu~h ahf/sf clwsf+z :yfg hndUg ePsf] 5 eg] bh{gf}+ uflj;x? 8'afgdf k/]sf 5g\ . jiff{sf sf/0f g]kfnu~hdf ljB't cfk"lt{ aGb x'“bf clxn] snsf/vfgfx? aGb cj:yfdf 5g\ . cUnf l;d]G6]8 3/x?afx]s cGo sRrL 3/x? clwsf+z 8'a]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L af“s]s} /flKtdf kmQ]k'/, u+ufk'/, xf]lnof, a]txgLnufotsf !)÷!@ j6f uflj; hndUg 5 . lxhf];Dddf tLg ;oeGbf a9L dfG5] a]kQf 5g\ . g]kfnu~hdf xfn;Dd b'O{ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] va/ 5 . To;}u/L alb{of lhNnfsf] u'nl/of j/k/ b'O{ ;oeGbf a9L 3/ 8'afgdf k/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L /fhfk'/sf] sf]l6of3f6, v}l/, dgfp klg k|efljt ePsf] 5 . 8'afgsf sf/0f clxn] sf]xL 5tdfly a;]sf 5g\ t st} ?vdfly a;]/ ;xfotf dflu/x]sf 5g\ .
8'afgdf k/]sfnfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfnsf] lkln :d[lt la|u]8 ;Dk"0f{ ha; df]rf{sf sfo{stf{b]lv e]/L–s0ff{nL PsLs[t u0ftflGqs df]rf{n] 8'afgdf k/]sfnfO{ p4f/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . af“s] lhNnfsf lhNnf ;]q]m6/L s=lxdfn, alb{of lhNnfsf ;]q]m6/L s=c0f' / c5fd lhNnfsf ;]q]m6/L s=k|ltlaDan] 5'§f5'§} lj1lKt hf/L u/L k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf sf/0f x'g uPsf] hgwgsf] Ifltk|lt b'Mv k|s6 ub{} cfk\mgf sfo{stf{n] p4f/ ul//x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . ;fy} ;/sf/sf] a]jf:tfk|lt lj/f]w hgfp“b} tTsfn ljz]if kxn ug{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . 8'afg IF]qdf s]xL zfxL ;]gf k'u] klg ;/sf/af6 kof{Kt ;xof]u gePsf] s'/f kLl8t kIfn] atfPsf] 5 .
8f]6Lsf] vKt8df !) ut] klx/f] uP/ Toxf“sf] hLjg c:tJo:t eP klg cem};Dd zfxL ;]gf p4f/sf nflu k'Ug g;Sg'n] ;/sf/sf] lg/Lxtf / gful/sk|ltsf] a]jf:tf bzf{Psf] 5 . gful/s dfg{sf] nflu ufp“sf s'gf–s'gfdf x]lnsf]K6/dfkm{t\ ;]gf k'¥ofpg] ;/sf/n] p4f/sf] nflu k'¥ofpg g;Sbf kLl8t kIf ;/sf/k|lt cfqmf]lzt ePsf 5g\ . clxn] klZrd g]kfndf cltj[li6 ePsf] 5 eg] k"jL{ g]kfndf cgfj[li6 ePsf] sf/0f ;Dk"0f{ afnL ;'Sg yfn]sf] 5 . o;/L cltj[li6 / cgfj[li6 x'g' k|fs[lts ljifoj:t' b]lvP klg oyfy{df eg] ;fd|fHojfbL b]zx?åf/f slyt cf}Bf]lus/0fsf] gfddf v'n]sf c;Lldt pBf]u, snsf/vfgf / cGo ljljw sf/0fn] jftfj/0fLo k|b'if0f a9\g uO{ cgfj[li6 / cltj[li6sf ;d:of a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . To;sf] pkh k|fs]lts k|sf]kx? klg a9\bf] 5 .
;lxb kl/jf/sf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng x'g]
sf7df8f}+ ÷ ;lbof}+b]lv ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbsf ;+/IfsTjdf /fhtGqfTds s]lGb|s[t ;fdGtL ;Qfn] g]kfnL hgtfdfly yf]kb{}cfPsf] zf]if0f, bdg, cGofo, cTofrf/, e]befj / pTkL8gsf ;fy} xTof, lx+;f / cft+snfO{ ;bfsf nflu cGTo ug{ ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] ;d"n gi6 u/L hgjfbL u0ftGq :yfkgf ug{] 3f]lift p2]Zosf ;fy g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] ljut bz jif{b]lv hgo'4sf] g]t[Tj u/]sf] ;j{ljlbt} 5 . oxL /fi6« / hgtfsf] d'lQmsf vflt/ nl8Psf] hgo'4nfO{ Wj:t ug{ k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfn] ljb]zL zlQms]Gb|x?sf] k|ToIf lgb{]zgdf /fi6«JofkL?kdf eLif0f Pj+ g/;+xf/sf/L ck/]zgx? ;~rfng ug{] qmddf xhf/f}+ lgz:q tyf lgw{g u|fdL0f hgtfsf] sTn]cfd u¥of] . o'4df]rf{sf jf:tljs d'7e]8df hgd'lQm ;]gf;+u k/flht ePsf] emf]+s zfxL ;Qfsf hNnfbx?n] lgz:q hgtfdfly kf]Vg] u/]sf pbfx/0f k|z:t} e]l6G5g\ . ;fdGtL ;Qf l6sfpg ef8fdf las]sf k'ln; / ;]gfsf hTyfaf6 xhf/f}+ g]kfnLr]nLx?sf] l;Gb'/ k'l5of], xhf/f}+ afnaflnsf 6'x'/f ag] eg] xhf/f}+ a[4 afa'cfdf ;GtfgljxLg x'g afWo eP . slyt ;'/IffsdL{sf] ;+o'Qm sdf08sf] tf08jg[Toaf6 b]ze/ /utsf] vf]nf] aUof] eg] b"/b/fhsf lgw{gj:tLx? v/fgL ag] . xhf/f}+sf ;+Vofdf g]kfnL hgtfsf ;k"tx? xfn;Dd klg a]kQf kfl/Psf 5g\ . o'4df]rf{df hgd'lQm ;]gfsf sdf08/ tyf hjfgx?sf] zxfbt / 3fOt] x'g'df :jfefljs x'g;Snf t/ ck/]zgsf gfddf cGwfw'Gw xjfO tyf k}bn cfqmd0faf6 xhf/f}+ g]kfnL gful/sx? 3fOt] tyf ckfË agfOPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L lu/k\mtf/kZrft\ oftgfsf qmddf klg s}of}+ lgbf{]if hgtfnfO{ ckfË agfOPsf 5g\ . b'lgof“sf cf“vf cufl8 lu/k\mtf/ u/] klg lu/k\mtf/} gu/]sf] egL u}/lhDd]jf/ 9+un] pq]sf] /fHokIfn] cf7÷gf} jif{b]lv hgtfnfO{ a]kQf agfPsf] 5 .
t;y{, hgo'4sf qmddf zxfbt k|FKt ug{'x'g] jL/ ;lxbx?sf kl/jf/hgx?sf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng oxL )^# ;fn ebf} !& ut] sf7df8f}+df ;';DkGg x'g uO/x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfn] b]zsf ljleGg :yfgaf6 lu/k\mtf/ u/L a]kQf agfOPsf ;fx;L of]4fx?sf kl/jf/sf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng oxL ebf} !* ut] sf7df8f}+df ;DkGg x'“b}5 . To:t} hgo'4s} l;nl;nfdf o'4d}bfgdf tyf cGo If]qdf b'Zdgsf cfqmd0fdf 3fOt] Pj+ ckfË x'g'ePsf hLp“bf ;lxbx?sf] ;Dd]ng klg ebf} !( ut] sf7df8f}+df x'g] ePsf] 5 . oL sfo{qmdx?df k|ToIf jf k/f]If?kdf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] ;xof]u Pj+ ;+nUgtf /xg]x'“bf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ g]kfnL hgtfk|lt cToGt ;+j]bgzLn 5 / hgo'4sf ;xefuL ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] pRr ;Ddfg ub{5 eGg] HjnGt pbfx/0f k|:t't x'“b}5 .
;+o'Qm u0ftflGqs blnt df]rf{ u7g
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdfkm{t\ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf ug{ g]kfnsf cfwf bh{g pTkLl8t hftLo df]rf{ / ;+u7gx? Pstfa4 ePsf 5g\ . Pstfa4 df]rf{sf] gfd ;+o'Qm u0ftflGqs blnt df]rf{ g]kfn /flvPsf] 5 . /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf df]rf{sf] @& ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt ;fj{hlgs ul/of] . df]rf{sf] ;+of]hs /0f]Gb| a/fnL x'g'x'G5 . o;/L ;+ul7t x'g] df]rf{x?df g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfn /fli6«o blnt d'lQm ;+u7g, g]kfn pTkLl8t blnt hftLo d'lQm ;dfhnufotsf 5g\ .
s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf ;b:ox?df ltns kl/of/, kbdnfn ljZjsdf{, obd ;'Gbf;, k/z'/fd /Dt]n cfx"lt, bfgaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{, /fds[i0f b]pnf, ljgf]b kxf8L, nf]s]z ljZjsdf{, pd]z a/fn, odaxfb'/ ls;fg, l/tf dfgifL, ;Gtf]ifL lj=s=, /fhs'df/ kf;jfg, /fh]Gb| /fd, c;kmdL{ ;bf, k'ik jfbL, /fhs'df/ uGwj{, kfj{tL ;'gfd, dLgf /Dt]n, s/0f bofn / pldtf a/fnL /xg'ePs]f 5 .
pQm df]rf{n] a'waf/ cfof]hgf u/]sf] k|jrg sfo{qmddf af]Nb} g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;b:o b]j u'?ªn] k|ltudg / ljb]zL zlQmx? dfem cfTd;dk{0f ug{ ;/sf/ nfluk/]sf]n] ljleGg tx, tKsf / df]rf{x? lgdf{0f u/l bjfad"ns cfGbf]ng ;8saf6 ug{' clxn]sf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf ag]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf af]Ng'x'“b} csf{ jQmf g]kfn blntd d'lQm df]rf{sf cWoIf ltns kl/of/n] k'/fgf] /fHoJoj:yf k"0f{?kdf gi6 u/]/ ;a} hfthflt, efiffefifL, lnË, ju{sf] ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutfdf /fHosf] j}1flgs k'g;{+/rgf ug{'kg{] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] . sfo{qmddf nf]stflGqs u0ftflGqs dlxnf d~rsf] ;b:o zzL >]i7 / d:of}bf ;ldltsf ;b:o zfGtf >]i7n] klg cf–cfk\mgf wf/0f /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
pQm blnt df]rf{n] ;fdGtjfb, ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL blnt zlQmx?sf] ;+o'Qm df]rf{ x'g], lxGb' ;fdGtjfbL a|fDx0fjfbL /fhtGqfTds /fHo;Qfsf] k"0f{ cGTo / nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfdf ;jf{lws hf]8 lbOg], /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfsf ;DaGwdf wd{lg/k]Iftfdf cfwfl/t ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fHok|0ffnL cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/;lxt hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs :jfoQtfnfO{ o; df]rf{n] :jLsf/ ug{], ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / ljz]ifflwsf/ u/L @) k|ltzt clgjfo{ ;xefuL agfpg hf]8 lbOg], ljBdfg g]kfnL ;]gf / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf] hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn b'a} ;]gfnfO{ k'gu{7g u/L …/fli6«o ;]gfÚ lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lb+b} blntx?sf] ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf u/fpgdf hf]8 lbOg] h:tf dxŒjk"0f{ afx| a'“b] cjwf/0fkq b]z u/]sf] lyof] .
o;}u/L lqz'nL ahf/df cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf Pdfn] lgs6 blnt df]rf{sf lhNnf cWoIf ch{'g g]kfnLsf] g]t[Tjdf %# hgfn] ljb|f]x u/]sf 5g\ . ljb|f]x u/L g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{df k|j]z ug{]x?nfO{ g]kfn blnt d'lQmsf cWoIf ltns kl/of/n] caL/ dfnf nufP/ :jfut ug{'eof] . -pxf“sf] ;+lIfKt cGtjf{tf{ k]h ^ df x]g{'xf]nf ._
a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf] lj/f]w k|bz{g
sf7df8f}+ ÷ ;ft bnsf] ;/sf/n] hgcfGbf]ngsf] dd{ / efjgf ljk/Lt ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdfkm{t\ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ug{] sfo{tk{m pbfl;g x'“b} k|ltufdL ;+;bs} af6f] ckgfp“b} uPsf]df g]kfn /fli6«o a'l4hLjL ;+u7gn] oxL ebf} !! ut] b]ze/ lj/f]w k|bz{g u/]sf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf /fhwfgLdf klg :yfgLo a;Gtk'/af6 ;f“9] $ ah] k|:Yffg u/]sf] lj/f]w h'n'; /Tgkfs{ k'uL sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . k|bz{gsf/Lx?n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg u/, ;+;bsf] t'?Gt lj36g u/, cGtl/d ;+ljwfg nfu" u/ h:tf gf/fc+lst Kn]sf8{;lxt gf/fx? nufPsf lyP . To;}u/L ebf} !) ut] zlgaf/ kf“r} ljsf; If]qsf ;b/d'sfd wgs'6f, sf7df8f}+, kf]v/f, g]kfnu~h / dx]Gb|gu/df Pp6} sfo{kq ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|of]u / af}l4s ;d'bfo ljifodf ljrf/ uf]i7L;d]t ;DkGg ul/Psf 5g\ .
o;} ;Gbe{df sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht ljrf/ uf]i7Ldf ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf sf]dn a/fnåf/f sfo{kq k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] eg] sfo{kqdfly l6Kk0fL ug{]x?df ;+u7gsf k"j{ s]Gb|Lo cWoIf /d]z zdf{, k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf dxf;lrj kß v8\sf tyf a'l4hLjL kl/ifb\sf ;lrj g]q lwtfn x'g'x'GYof] . k\mnf]/af6 ;d]t a'l4hLjLx? k|df]b d}gfnL, ltldnf old tyf xl/ 3tL{n] l6Kk0fL ug{'ePsf] lyof] eg] ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf lvdnfn b]jsf]6fn] ;d;fdlos ljifodf dGtJo lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;+u7gs} cWoIf sf]dn a/fnsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f]if0f s]Gb|Lo ;b:o e"ld b]jsf]6fn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] eg] :jfut dGtJo lbg]df s]Gb|Lo ;b:o b'uf{ g]pkfg] x'g'x'GYof] .
To;}u/L ;f]xL lbg k"jf{~rnsf] wgs'6fdf ;+u7gsf pkfWoIf cd/l;+x yfkfn], klZrdf~rnsf] kf]v/fdf ;lrjfno ;b:o Pj+ u08s ;+of]hs emnskfl0f ltjf/L, dWoklZrdf~rnsf] g]kfnu~hdf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj g/]z e08f/L / ;'b"/klZrdf~rnsf] dx]Gb|gu/df ;lrjfno ;b:o ;'Gb/ /]UdLn] sfo{kq k|:t't u/L ljrf/uf]i7L sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . o;cl3 ebf} @ ut] krxQ/} lhNnfsf ;b/d"sfddf krf{ ljt/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
:d/0f/xf];\ cfufdL c;f]h * / ( ut] a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng x'g uO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;+u7gn] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] tof/L ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd;+u hf]8]/ nu]sf] atfPsf] 5 .
u0ftflGqs lzIfs hfu/0f cleofgsf] 3f]if0ff
sf7df8f}+ ÷ clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+u7gn] lzIff If]qdf eO/x]sf] ;d:of / r'gf}tLx?nfO{ cfTd;ft u/L lzIff If]qdf cfd"n kl/jt{g ul/g'kg{] dfu /fVb} z'qmaf/ sf7df8f}+df kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;+u7gn] Ps k|]; lj1lKt hf/L u/L ljleGg ;+3÷;+:yfnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfO{ cfk\mgf sfo{gLlt / p2]Zodfly k|sfz kf/]sf] 5 . ;+u7gn] cf:yfsf] cfwf/df a]kQf kfl/Psf lzIfsx?sf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs ul/g'kg{], xTof ul/Psf lzIfs kl/jf/ / ckfË lzIfsx?sf] k]zfsf] Uof/]G6Lsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kg{], jiff{}b]lv c:yfoL /x]sf lzIfsnfO{ :yfoL ul/g'kg{]nufotsf kGw| a'“b] k]zfut dfu / abln+bf] kl/l:yltnfO{ cfTd;ft ub{} lzIffdf cfd ;'wf/ u/L kl/jt{g ul/g'kg{], lzIff IF]qdf ;/sf/L nufgL a[l4 u/L lzIff j}1flgs Jofjxfl/s lgMz'Ns, ;j{;'ne / hgd'vL x'g'kg{] h:tf gf} a'“b] dxŒjk"0f{ z}lIfs dfu /flvPsf] 5 .
kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]Ng' x'“b} ;+u7gsf cWoIf u'0f/fh nf]xgLn] eGg'eof]– lzIff h:tf] ;+j]bgzLn If]qdf eO/x]sf c;dfg gLlt, lgod vf/]hL ul/g'k5{ . lzIff cfh{g ug{ kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ nfu" ub{} ;Dk"0f{ gful/ssf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] ;dfg lzIff xfl;n ug{ kfpg'kg{]df pxf“n] hf]8 lbg'eof] .
kqsf/x?sf] lh1f;fsf] pQ/ lb+b} pxf“n] cem cufl8 eGg'eof]– xfdLn] hgjfbL / Jofjxfl/s lzIffdf ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf 5f}+ . klZrdL g]kfndf hgjfbL lzIff cWofkg u/fOPsf] 5 . hgjfbL lzIffsf] d'Vo p2]Zo eg]sf] uf;, af;, skf;, :jf:Yo / lzIffsf] Uof/]G6L ug{' xf] . xfd|f] hgjfbL lzIff k"0f{?kdf Jofjxfl/ssf] ;fy;fy} j}1flgs 5, eGg'x'“b} lzIfsx?n] ef]u]sf sl7gfOsf lj?4 ;xsfo{ u/L lzIfs cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;fy lb+b} ;d:ofsf] xn ug{] s'/fdf k|lta4tf hgfpg'eof] .
u0ftflGqs dhb'/ df]rf{sf] u7g
sf7df08f}÷g]kfnL hgtfsf] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] rfxgfcg'?k ;Dk"0f{ dhb'/ ;+3;+:yfnfO{ ;d]6\g] p2]Zon] ldqz/0f zdf{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf oxL efb| ^ ut] sf7df08f}df ;+o'Qm u0ftflGqs dhb'/ df]rf{ g]kfnsf] u7g ePsf] 5 .
o;eGbf cufl8 g} u7g ePsf] ;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs dhb'/ df]rf{nfO{ kl/dflh{t u/]/ u0ftflGqs df]rf{ agfOPsf] s'/f ;+of]hs ldqz/0f zdf{n] hf/L ug'{ ePsf] lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
;a} dhb'/ ;+u7gnfO{ Pp6} ;femf gf/f u0ftGq g]kfn :yfkgfsf] ;+3if{df PsLs[t ug]{ df]rf{sf] p2]Zo ePsf] klg lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLåf/f 8F“sfx? lu/km\tf/
oxL ebf} !) ut] laxfg g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_, wflbË lhNnfsf] Pl/of kf6L{ / hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] wfs{] ahf/df bh{gf} 7fpFdf rf]/L tyf n'6kf6 ug]{ lu/f]xnfO{ ;dft]sf 5g\ . pQm lu/f]xn] sf7df08f}, wflbË, g'jfsf]6 / uf]/vfsf bh{gf} 7fpFdf n'6kf6 ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;f] u'\ksf gfOs] ;'o{ axfb'/ tfdfË /x]sf] / p;sf] g]t[Tjdf s]jnk'/ uf=h=; cfrfo{ kf]v/Lsf zDe' d'8j/L, eQmaxfb'/ tfdfË, km'ndfg 3n], ;Gtf]if nfdf, /fds[i0f bfxfn nufot aL; hgfsf] l6d 5 . To;} ;d"xsf km'ndfg 3n]n] Ps hgf s]6L;d]t a]lr;s]sf] :jLsf/]sf] 5 . lu/f]xsf ;De' ltjf/L n'6kf6, rf]/L / gSsnL dfcf]jfbLs} cleof]udf h]ndf k/L Ps dlxgf cl3 dfq} 5'6]sf] lyof] . o;}aLr cfOtaf/ ! ah] /flt ;f]xL 6f]nLsf] dx]Zj/ clwsf/LnfO{ 6]s'af6 hg;]gfsf] Ps 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 . tL ;a} lu/f]xnfO{ clxn] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nodf a'emfOPsf] 5 .

cGo ;dfrf/

u0ftflGqs ;f“:s[lts cleofg

ag]kf÷ ut ;fpg @& ut] pb\3f6g eO{ sf7df8f}+ pkTosf jl/kl/sf Ps bh{geGbf a9L :yfgx?df ;~rfng ePsf] u0ftflGqs ;f“:s[lts cleofg oxL efb| * ut] sfe|]sf] ag]kfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;]g–Rofª ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf] cfof]hgfdf r'g–lzNkf, lzj–zf/bf / cg]sf]6 ;f“:s[lts sDkgLsf] sl/a $) hgfsf] snfsf/x?sf] ;xeflutfdf pQm cleofg ;DkGg ePsf] xf] .
cleofgsf] clGtd lbg ag]kfsf] do"/ rnlrq dlGb/df ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;lxbsf /utn] ntkltPsf /ftf em08f / Aofg/n] emlsemsfp b]lvGYof] . sl/a ;ft÷cf7;o hg;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmd ;]g–Rofª ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sL ;+of]hs b]js'df/L g]kfnn] ;~rfng ug{'ePsf] lyof] . cGt/f{li6«o uLt ufogaf6 sfo{qmd z'? ePsf] lyof] .
o'uf}+o'ub]lv ;dfhdf h/f uf8]sf] cGofo, cTofrf/, zf]if0f, bdg / 5f8f ;“:s[ltnfO{ kfvf nufp“b} b]zLo ;fdGtjfb ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbL ;“:s[ltnfO{ wf/fzfoL agfp“b} ;f“:s[lts cfGbf]ng pRr lzv/df k'u]sf] 5 . k"j{d]rLblv klZrd dxfsfnL;Dd lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{ / ljs6 ufp“a:tLx?df hgjfbL uLtx? u'l~h/x]5g\ . ;j{xf/fju{ u'd]sf] clwsf/ lkmtf{ ug{ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf dxfg\ cfGbf]ngaf6 uf]naGb eO/x]5g\ . k';df3sf] s7flu|g] lr;f], ;fpgefb|sf] em/L, afbn, h'sf, ad, af?b / uf]nLsf k/f{;+u} v]Nb} / cGwsf/ /ftnfO{ lrb{} laxfgL a;Gtsf] /ftf] 3fd;+u} ;'Gb/tfdf cfwfl/t gof“ ;“:s[ltsf] ljsf; ug{ cft'/ 5g\ hgsnfsf/x? .
;w}+ 5f8f uLt;+uLtn] u'~hodfg x'g] ;f] xn hgtfsf] b'Mv, kL8f, cf“z', xf“;f] / /utsf kmfN;fx?af6 l;lh{t uLt / b'Zdgsf] d'6'df 9\ofª\u|f] 7f]Sg] vfnsf 3f]lrnf, k]lrnf clg hf]lznf uLt;+uLtn] u'~hodfg ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmddf ? %) b]lv Ps xhf/;Ddsf] l6s6 b/ /flvPsf] lyof] .
tLg 306f;Dd rn]sf] ;f] sfo{qmddf snfsf/x?n] bz{sx?nfO{ k"/} xn g} :tAw x'g] u/L cfk\mgf lk|o hLjg;+uLx? n8fO“sf] df]rf{df le8\bfle8\b} ;lxb ePsf cfkmGthgx? u'd]sf] If0fnfO{ ck]/faf6 k|:t't u/]sf lyP . …;+u} lx+8\g] ;xofqL e]6\g ;lsPg, w]/} lyof] OR5fx? d]6\g ;lsPg, Xbodf sf]/]sL 5' pgn] ug{] sfd . /QmjLh xf] ;lxb, /utaf6 hlGd/xG5g\ 9n]/ s] eof] Ps oxf“ xhf/ hlGd/xG5 .Ú af]nsf] uLt;lxtsf] ck]/f k|:t't ubf{ l;Ëf] xn zf]sdUg b]lvGYof] .
t/ cf“z'df 8'la/x]sf bz{sx?nfO{ snfsf/x?n] k]ml/ hf]z / cfqmf]z yk] . …au}+rfdf a;Gtsf k"mn k'mNg yfn], /fhdfu{df hg;]gf k/]8 v]Ng yfn]Ú eGb} hg;]gfsf] 8«];df ;lhPsf snfsf/x? xftdf aGb's / em08f ;dfp“b} sDd/df v's'/L 6Nsfp“b} gfr]sf] b[Zon] ;a}nfO{ på]lnt agfPsf] lyof] . o;/L g} ef]hk'/L, tfdfª, g]jf/L efiffsf uLtx?df 8«];df ;lhPsf snfsf/x?n] cfk\mgf] k|:t[lt lbO/x]sf lyP .
sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] ;“:s[lt emNsfpg] g]jf/L uLt …P xf“:g g;Sg]x? xf] † lhGbuL ;w}+el/ /f]P/ t sf6\g ;ls+b}g xf]nf <Ú eGg] af]nsf] g]jf/L efiffsf] uLtdf g]jf/L 8«];df sfgdf k"mn, sfnf] sf]6 / 6f]kLdf ;lhPsf snfsf/x?n] km/s vfnsf] dgf]/~hg k}bf u/fPsf lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf 1fg]Gb|–s]kL cf]nLnfO{ hh{ a';n] hf]lt/x]sf] b[Zo;lxtsf] Kof/f]8L uLt / gfr k|:t't ubf{ l;Ëf] xndf xf“;f]sf] kmf]xf]/f 5'6]sf] lyof] . Kof/f]8Lsf] af]n lyof]– ltd|f] ufnL vfOlbg] g d} 5', ltd|f] wf]tL wf]Olbg klg d} 5' P eujfg dfkm kfp“ laGtL gd:t], P a'; lsgb]pm g e6e6] . b]z}el/ rln/x]sf] u0ftflGqs ;f“:s[lts cleofgcGtu{t ljz]if If]qdf em08} b'O{ xKtf;Dd rn]sf] ;f“:s[lts cleofgn] o; If]qsf hgtfdf u0ftflGqs r]tgfnfO{ cem :kfltnf] agfpg 7"nf] d2t k'u]sf] s'/f ;]g–Rofª ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf ;+of]hs b]js'df/ g]kfnn] atfpg'eof] . – ;'lgtf /]UdL ;lxb kl/jf/x?sf] e]nf tyf ;Ddfg sfo{qmd
a'6jn ÷ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] cfof]hgfdf ;lxb kl/jf/x?sf] e]nf tyf ;Ddfg sfo{qmd ;fgbf/ 9+un] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly tyf ?kGb]xL lhNnf O~rfh{ s=jL/h+un] eGg'eof]– …ef}lts?kdf cfkmGthg u'dfp“bf Psk|sf/sf] kL8f x'g] g} eof] . cf“z'sf] jiff{ x'g] g} eof] . pxf“x?sf] zxfbtdf l;Ëf] kf6L{ b'Mlvt ePsf] 5 . t/ ljz'4 cf“z'df 8'Ag] ul/of] eg] ;lxbsf] ;Ddfg u/]sf] 7xl/+b}g .Ú
;f]xL sfo{qmdsf] aLrdf lIflth ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] Pp6f ;Gb]zd"ns :6]h uLt k|:t't u¥of] . To;}u/L cg]d;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o cfzf vgfnn] klg efjljx\jn x'“b} eGg'eof]– …xfdL xf“:bfxf“:b} /f]Psf 5f}+, ?“bf?“b} xf“;]sf 5f}+ . xfdL h'ga]nf df]rf{ xf/]sf x'G5f}+, w]/} ;fyL u'dfPsf x'G5f}+ 7Ls To;}a]nf w]/} ?G5f}+ . xfdLn] h'ga]nf b'Zdgsf sf“8]tf/x? tf]8\5f} . To;a]nf xfdL v'zL x'G5f}+ . jf:tjdf cfk\mgf d'6' 6'lqm+bf :jefj}n] cf“z'sf] wf/f em/]sf] 5 . t/ klg tkfO{sf cfkmGthgx? /ftf] Oltxf;df n]lvPsf 5g\ . pxf“x?sf] af6f]df xfdL nfda4 5f}+ . ;f“rf] cy{df tkfO{x? kf6L{sf] dfu{bz{s x'g'x'G5 .
;f] sfo{qmddf s=clez]ssf] ;~rfng, s=ljzfnsf] :jfutefif0f / s=gjLgsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . $% hgf ;lxb kl/jf/hgx?dWo] @( hgfsf] ;xeflutf ePsf] lyof] . pQm e]nfn] Ps hgf kl5 yKg] u/L gf} ;b:oLo …;lxb kl/jf/ lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldltÚ u7g u/]sf] 5 . ;f] ;+u7gsf] cWoIf gjLg, ;lrj dfof sfp5f, sf]iffWoIf dx]Gb| e'iffn ;fy} ;b:ox? qmdzM luk]Gb| /fjt, df]xDdb xgLkm, g'?hxf / ho l;+v8f x'g'x'G5 . ;f]xL sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf ;Dk"0f{ ;lxbsf kl/jf/x?nfO{ lhNnf O~rfh{ s=jL/h+un] ;dj]bgfkq;lxt caL/ dfnf nufP/ ;Ddfg ug{'sf] ;fy} s]xL ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] .
;'b"/klZrddf hg;]gf M lzlj/ v8f u/L hg>ddf
88]Nw'/f ÷ 88]Nw'/f lhNnf ;b/d'sfdeGbf @% ls=ld= 6f9f au/sf]6 uf=h=;=sf] 6Kkfn]sdf hgd'lQm ;]gf c:yfoL lzlj/ v8fu/L :yfgLo ufp“3/df ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{df h'6]sf 5g\ . ;ftf} l8lehgsf] ax'lj/ of]4f la|u]8sf nueu cf7 ;o hgd'lQm ;]gf / :yfgLo kf6L{ sfo{stf{;lxt Ps xhf/eGbf a9L d]gkfj/ hgftfsf ;fy ljsf; lgdf{0f, vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO{, lzIff / r]tgfsf ;fy} :j:Yo rf}sLsf] :yfkgf u/L hg;]jfdf nfu]sf] 5 . hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] xltof/ zflGt jftf{ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf afws 5 eGg]x?nfO{ ufp“df cfO{ a'em\g cfu|x ub{5f}+– :yfgLo df=lj= lzIfs b'uf{ kf08] eGg' x'G5 .
xltof/;lxt ufp“n]sf 3/v]tdf uO{ ds} af]Sg], wfg uf]8\g], hgtf;+u} s'nf] l;+rfO vGg] sfo{df nfu]sf hg;]gfnfO{ ufp“n]x? cfk\mg} 5f]/f5f]/L ;DemL /ft lbg nfluk/]sf 5g\ . zfxL ;]gfaf6 kLl8t ufp“n] hgtf hgd'lQm ;]gf;+u} ldn]/ ;xsfo{ ug]{ / af“8Lr'8L vfg] eGb} c:yfoL lzlj/nfO{ :yfoL u/L ufp“d} a:g cfu|x ul//x]]sf 5g\ . oxL % ut] ;}Go lzlj/sf] pb\3f6g ug'{ x'b} ;]=d=If]qLo Jo"/f] ;b:o tyf 88]Nw'/f lhNnf O~rfh{ s=l;lsGb/n] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ljutdf b]vfPsf] jL/tf ;fx; / alnbfgL ca hgtfsf] ;'v b'Mvdf ljsf; lgdf{0fdf nfUg] atfpg'eof] .
;f] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf] ;efkltTj ug{ ePsf la|u]8 sld;/ s=s'j]/n] pTkLl8t zf]lift hgftfsf] nflu nl8/x]sf] ;j{xf/fju{sf] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{af6 j}rfl/s n}; ePsf] hg;]gf ;b}j hgtfsf] ;]jfdf nflukg]{5 eGg'ePsf] lyof] .
k|yd gful/s ;Dd]ng
d'n's uDeL/ ;+qmd0f sfnaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] / /fHo k'g;{+/rgfsf] dxŒjk"0f{ 38Ldf b]lvg yfn]sf ;d:ofx? Pj+ pTkGg x'g] cj:yfsf af/]df 88]NW'f/fdf k|yd gful/s ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . olta]nfsf] hNbf] aNbf] k|Zg eg]sf] ;fj{ef}d ;Qfsf] k|of]u sxf“ s]lGb|t ug]{ < style="font-weight: bold;">k'/fgf] ;+;b lj36g u/L cGtl/d Joj:yflksfsf] k|:tfj kfl/t u/Psf] 5 ;f] ;Dd]ngdf ;a} /fhg}lts bnx? ljb|f]xL kIf gful/s ;dfhsf ;a} kIf, k'/fgf] /fHo ufp“ lhNnfsf nAw k|ltli7t JolQmŒj kqsf/, dfgjclwsf/sdL{nufot cfd gful/ssf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg eof] . ;Dd]ngdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf ;]=d= If]qLo Jo'/f] ;b:o tyf 88]Nw'/f lhNnf O~rfh{ s=l;lsGb/, a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf lhNnf cWoIf s=ejfgL P]/, ljBfyL{ lhNnf g]tfx?n] cf–cfk\mgf wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . nf]stflGqs u0ftGqjfbL df]rf{ lgdf{0f M
g]kfn /fli6«o a'l4hLjL ;+u7g ;]tL dxfsfnL If]qLo ;dGjo ;ldltsf] rf}yf] a}7s ;+u7gsf ;+of]hs s=;'Gb//fh /]UdL sf] cWoIftfdf 88]Nw'/fdf a:of] . pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o tyf lhNnf cWoIf sd/]8x?n] cf–cfk\mgf] If]qsf] l/kf]l6{ª k]z ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . l/kf]l6{{ªkZrft\ u0ftflGqs df]rf{ lgdf{0f gePsf lhNnfx?df tTsfn af}l4s JolQmŒjsf] u0ftflGqs df]rf{ u7g ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .
……;a} vfn] if8oGq / jf}l4s zf]if0fsf lj?4 cf“wLdo cfGbf]ng . Jofks jf}l4s df]rf{ lgdf{0f Pj+d nf]stflGqs uf0ftGq :yfkgfy{ rf}yf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ††Æ d"n gf/sf ;fy c;f]h *÷( ut] sf7df8f}+df x'g] rf}yf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngnfO{ eJotfsf ;fy ;kmn kfg{ k|rf/ k|;f/df nfUg] lg0f{o ul/of] . g]kfn /fli6«o j'l4lhjL ;+u7g 88]Nw'/f lhNnf cWoIf s=ejfgL P]/sf] ;+of]hsŒjdf !! ;b:oLo u0ftflGqs df]rf{sf] u7g ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 . ;]=d= If]qLo Jo'/f] ;b:o tyf 88]Nw'/f lhNnf O~rfh{ s=l;lsGb/åf/f k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] o; a}7ssf] cGtdf ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:oåo bLk]Gb| r'sfxf / /fdaxfb'/ s]=;L=n] cfk\mgf cg'ej tyf yk ;Nnfx;lxtsf] dGtJo lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
Hfgcbfntdf d'2fsf] cf]O/f]
88]Nw'/f k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] cbfntk|lt ljZjf; u'dfP/ hgcbfntdf cfpg] kLl8tx?sf] ;+Vof lbgfg'lbg al9/x]sf 5g\ . lhNNff hgcbfnt 88]Nw'/fsf] btf{ kmfOn x]bf{ ljleGg k|s[ltsf nueu 5 bh{g d'2f Ps dlxgfleq k/]sf 5g\ . lhNnf hgcbfnt k|d'v s=ljsf;sf cg';f/ uPsf] dlxgf nueu rf/ bh{g d'2fsf] lsgf/f nufO;s] klg cem} @)–@@ d'2fsf] km};nf x'g af“sL 5 . ljleGg vfn] d'2fx?df s;/L km};nf u/LPsf 5g\ egL k|Zg ubf{ lhNnf hgcbfnt k|d'v ljsf;sf] egfO 5– æd'2fsf] k|s[lt x]/L jfbL k|ltjfbLx?sf aofg, tYo, ;f“rL, dgf]lj1fg / hgtfsf] /focg';f/ km};nf ug]{ ul/G5 . o;f] ubf{ bf]ifL garf];\ / lgbf]{if gkm;f];\ eGg] s'/fdf ;r]t /x“b} lg0f{o ul/G5 .
ljutdf k'/fgf] ;Qf;+u ;Lldt 3]/fleq /x]sf] gu/kflnsfsf Ps bh{geGbf a9L d'2fx? ;fpg dlxgfleq btf{ ePsf 5g\ . k'/fgf] cbfntdf ;fpg dlxgfel/ hDdf b'O{ d'2f btf{ ul/Psf] e]§fOG5 t/ hgcbfntdf ;f]xL cjlwdf nueu 5 bh{g hlt d'2f btf{ ePsf] af6 klg hg rfxgf / ljZjf; stflt/ /x]5 eGg] ;lhn} a'em\g ;lsG5 . k'/fgf] Gofo k|0ffnLk|ltsf] cfsif{0f / gof“ ;Qfsf] Gofo k|0ffnLk|ltsf] cfsif{0f / l56f] 5l/tf] lgMz'Ns, plrt Pj+ j}1flgs / j:t'jfbL lje]bk"0f{ Gofoaf6 ;j{;fwf/0f hg;d'bfo nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ .
ldng P]/
cf:yfsf aGbLx? cem} 5f]l8Pgg\
sf7df8f}+÷g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / ;ft bnLo ;/sf/ cf:yfsf ;Dk"0f{ aGbLx? l/xfO ug{] ;xdlt eP klg e'mf d'2fsf ?kdf cf:yfsf aGbLx?dfly nufOPsf] Hofg d'2fsf sf/0f w]/} cf:yfsf aGbLx? sf/fuf/d} /x]sf 5g\ .
s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/ sf7df8f}+df clxn] kf“r hgf cf:yfsf aGbLx? e'mf Hofg d'2fdf lx/f;tsf] hLjg latfO/xg'ePsf] 5 . sf/fuf/df &) jifL{o a[4 s[i0faxfb'/ u'?ª klg x'g'x'G5 . pxf“nfO{ @)%$ ;fndf ndh'Ë sflnsf6f/ k|x/L rf}sL cfqmd0fsf] e'mf Hofg d'2f nufOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L emfkfsf efg'eQm cfrfo{nfO{ jL/u~hsf d]o/ uf]kfn lu/LnfO{ df/]sf] egL e'mf Hofg d'2f nufOPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L k/z'/fd l/dfnnfO{ bf]nvfsf] d}gfkf]v/L rf}sL cfqmd0fdf Hofg d'2f, sfe|]sf Zofd nfdfnfO{ lagf s'g} ;fdu|L kqmfp u/]/ nfu" cf}ifw;DaGwL e'mf d'2f nufPsf] 5 . cf:yfsf aGbLnfO{ nfu" cf}ifwsf] d'2f nufpg' lj8Dagf xf] . To;}u/L k|x/Ld} hflu/ /x]sf g'jfsf]6sf u0f]z sfsL{nfO{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] cf/f]kdf Hofg d'2f nufO/fv]sf] 5 .
otf cf:yfsf aGbL l;Gw'nLsf x]daxfb'/ e'h]nnfO{ k|]dgfy clwsf/Lsf] xTofdf ;+nUg /x]sf] e'mf Hofg d'2f nufO{ @)%$ ;fnb]lv y'lg/x]sf] 5 .
o;}aLr /f}tx6sf] uf}/ sf/fuf/df /xg'ePsf rGb]|Zj/ a}7fnufotsf aGbLx? xfn;Dd l/xf gePsf]df ;ft bn / dfcf]jfbLsf] /f}tx6 k|ltlglwx?n] ;+o'Qm?kdf lj1lKt hf/L u/L u[xdGqL;dIf l/xfOsf] dfukq k]z u/]sf 5g\ .
;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr ePsf] ;xdltcg'?k ;Dk"0f{ aGbLx?nfO{ 5f]8\g'kg{]df ljut ;/sf/n] Hofg d'2f nufO y'g]sf cf:yfsf aGbLx?nfO{ jt{dfg ;/sf/n] g5f]8\g'n] hg;d'bfo cfZro{df k/]sf 5g\ .
otf ef/tsf] a]p/ h]n k6gfaf6 l/xf x'g'ePsf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o nf]s]Gb| lji6nfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ ?s'd lhNnfsf] cfof]hgfdf oxL ebf} $ ut] ;f+v ufh; k"mnv]tdf clegGbg ul/Psf] 5 . bL3{ :d[lt la|u]8 sld;f/ s=qmflGt, lhNnf O~rfh{ cgn / :yfgLo hgtfåf/f k"mndfnf / caL/ nufP/ nf]s]Gb| lji6sf] clegGbg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Pp6f j6flnog ;nfdL ck{0f u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf nf]s]Gb| lji6n] dGtJo /fVb} clegGbgn] cfk"mnfO{ cem} b]z / hgtfsf] lglDt n8\g xf};fPsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf l;:g] kl/jf/n] aLr–aLrdf cfk\mgf] k|:t'lt b]vfPsf lyP .

dfcf]jfbLåf/f af]nkq v'Nnf
kj{t÷dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb kj{tn] lhNnfsf cfGt/Ls ;|f]tx?df cfx\jfg u/]sf] af]nkq cfOtaf/ v'Nnf u/]sf] 5 . kl/ifb\n] kj{t lhNnfleqsf gbL tyf vf]nfx?af6 lgsflng] lu6L, afn'jf, /f]8fsf] ;fy} k'g k|of]u x'g] sjf8L ;fdfg, k'n s/ / d[t hgfj/sf] xf85fnf l;ªsf] nflu klqsfdfkm{t\ af]nkq v'nfPsf] xf] .
pQm ;|f]tx?df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] c;f/ @* ut] ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ;fpg !! ut] ;Demf}tf u/L s/ c;'Ng z'? u/]tf klg hgkl/ifb\sf] P]gcg';f/ s/ nufpg ;Sg] eGb} lhlj;sf] ;Demf}tfnfO{ /f]Ssf u/fPsf lyP .
kl/ifb\sf] sfof{nodf vf]lnPsf] pQm 6]08/ cg';f/ kj{t pxf“sL uflj;sf lrqaxfb'/ u'?ªn] lu6L, afn'jf / /f]8fsf] nflu !@ nfv tLg xhf/ tLg ;o #) ?k}of“ %) k};f, k'ns/sf] nflu Ps nfv %) xhf/ kf“r ;o %) ?k}of“ %) k};f / k'gM k|of]u x'g;Sg] sjf8Lsf] nflu b'O{ nfv kf“r xhf/ kf“r ;o %% ?k}of“ %) k};fdf af]nkq ;b/ u/fPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L d[t hgfj/sf] xf8 5fnfdf ltnfxf/sf k|sfzh+u nfld5fg]n] tLg xhf/ ?k}of“df 6]08/ ;b/ u/fPsf 5\g\\ . cf7 hgfn] uf]Ko l;naGbL af]nkq a'emfPsf]df pgLx?n] ;a}eGbf a9L /sddf af]nkq xfn]sf] kl/ifb\n] hgfPsf] 5 .
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] eg] 9'Ëf lu6L jfn'jf /f]8f p7fpg !$ nfv !^ xhf/, k'gM k|of]u x'g;Sg] sjf8L dfnsf] b'O{ nfv &% xhf/, k'ns/ b'O{ nfv %) xhf/ tyf d[t hgfj/sf] xf85fnf lgsf;L s/df ;ft xhf/df 7]Ssf :jLs[t ul/;s]sf] lyof] . lhlj; kj{tn] oxL ;|f]taf6 b'O{ hgf sfo{qmd clws[t / cGo gf} hgf sd{rf/LnfO{ tna v'jfp“b} cfPsf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLn] lhlj;n] 7]Ssf lbPsf] k6s] ;jf/L s/df eg] 6]08/ v'nfPsf] 5}g .
pQm af]nkqaf6 kl/ifb\nfO{ !% nfv ^@ xhf/ rf/ ;o #! ?k}of“ %) k};f cfDbfgL x'g] ePsf] 5 t/ c;dfGo kl/l:ylt cj:yf x]/L 7]s]bf/nfO{ ldgfxf ug{ ;lsg] dfcf]jfbL lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ;/f]hn] atfpg'eof] . 7]s]bf/af6 ePsf] cfDbfgLaf6 lhNnfsf] ljsf; lgdf{0f tyf k|efljt If]qsf hgtfsf] nflu vr{ ul/g] ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifbsf sfo{jfxs k|d'v lji0f' nfld5fg]n] atfpg'eof] .
e]/L s0ff{nLdf PsLs[t u0ftflGqs cleofg

g]kfnu~h ÷ e]/L–s0ff{nLsf !) lhNnfdf …;fdGtL if8\oGq / ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]ksf] Jofks e08fkmf]/ u/f}+, nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ hgkl/rfng tLj| kf/f}+Ú eGg] gf/fsf ;fy e]–s PsLs[t u0ftflGqs cleofg ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 .
cu|ufdL lgsf; lgl:sof];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ;~rflnt cleofg e]/L c~rnsf] af“s], alb{of, ;'v{]t, b}n]v, hfh/sf]6 / s0ff{nL c~rnsf] x'Dnf, h'Dnf, d'u', sflnsf]6 / 8f]Nkfdf ;~rfng x'g] ePsf] 5 . ;f] cleofgsf af/]df …e]–sÚ If]qLo Jo"/f]sf O~rfh{ s=k|sf08n] e]/L s0ff{nLsf hgtfnfO{ abln+bf] kl/l:yltsf] hfgsf/L lbg] nIo /x]sf] atfp“b} eGg'eof]– æu0ftflGqs cleofg /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o /fhg}lts 36gfqmd / To;n] dfu u/]sf] cfTdut cj:yfsf] u'0ffTds ljsf;nfO{ b[li6ut u/L lglZrt nIo k|flKtsf nflu gof“ ljlw;lxt hgtfsf aLrdf s]Gb|Ls[t, wSsfd"ns / 3gLe"t sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf …e]–sÚ PsLs[t u0ftflGqs cleofg ;~rfng ug{]df xfd|f] If]qLo Jo"/f] k'u]sf] 5 .Æ
ut ;fpg @) ut]b]lv @# ut];Dd ;'v{]tsf] u'dLdf ePsf] If]qLo k|lzIf0fdf klZrd sdf08 O~rfh{ s=lbjfs/sf] ljz]if pkl:yltdf pb\3fl6t cleofgn] …/fhg}lts kl/rfng / x:tIf]ksf] Jofks a[l4 u/f}+, ;+u7g ;'b[9 Pj+ lj:tf/ sfo{nfO{ gof“ :t/df p7fcf}+ hgtfsf] ;]jf u/f}+, hg;DaGwnfO{ gof“ :t/df ;'b[9 u/f}+Ú eGg] ;xfos gf/f klg jflnª, kf]i6l/ª ug{ yfn]sf] 5 .
;f] cleofgn] kf6L{n] cjnDag u/]sf] tTsfnLg sfo{gLltsf] j}1flgstf / To;sf] Jofjxfl/s dxŒjaf/] cfGtl/s / hgk+lQmdf :ki6tf xfl;n ug{ / kf6L{sf] ;j{xf/fs/0fsf ;DaGwdf Pstf, ;+3if{ / ?kfGt/0fdf ljz]iftM ?kfGt/0fnfO{ hf]8 lbg ljrf/wf/fTds nIo /fv]sf] atfOG5 .
o;}u/L cleofgdf ;xefuL x'g] kf6L{ / ha; df]rf{sf g]tf sfo{stf{sf cg';f/ u0ftflGqs cleofgn] ;dfhsf ;a} tx / tKsfnfO{ ljutsf ;a} k|sf/sf cfu|x / k"jf{u|xnfO{ d]6\g] u/L e]63f6, 5nkmn, cGtlqm{of rnfpg] ePsf] 5 .
/fhg}lts?kdf w'|jLs/0f x'“b} uPsf] /fhg}lts dfxf}nnfO{ u0ftflGqs tx;Dd p7fpg ljz]if hf]8 lb+b} cufl8 a9\g] ;f] cleofgn] ;lxb, aGbL, a]kQf, 3fOt], ;]gf / k"0f{sfnLgsf 3/kl/jf/df /fhg}lts sfdnfO{ k|fylds sfo{;"rLdf /fVg] of]hgf ag]sf] klg cleofgsdL{x? atfp“5g\ .
cleofgsdL{x?n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ ca ;a} lhNnf kf6L{ / ha;x?n] u0ftflGqs df]rf{ lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ tbf?stf lbg] nIonfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbOPsf] 5 . o;f] t u0ftflGqs cleofgn] cfwf/Onfsfdf ;+u7g ;'b[9 / zx/L tyf ;b/d'sfd Onfsfdf Jofks ;+u7g lj:tf/ ug{] klg ePsf] 5 .
efjL ;+3if{ -;+ejtM t];|f] hgcfGbf]ng_ sf] j}rfl/s tyf ef}lts?kn] tof/L elg/x]sf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x?n] cfkm"x?nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] u/]sf] Jojxf/n] ;f] tof/L h?/L ePsf] dfq geO{ cfjZos;d]t /x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ .
ufp“b]lv zx/ / ;b/d'sfdx?;Dd pTkfbg, hg;]jf, ljsf; lgdf{0f / hgtfsf 3/fo;L ;d:of;+u hf]l8P/ hg;DaGw gof“:t/df ;'b[9 x'g] s'/fdf cfzfjfbL /x]sf Jo"/f] O~rfh{ s=k|sf08n] atfpg'eof] .
eQmk'/df a'l4hLjL ;Dd]ng
eQmk'/ ÷æ;a}vfn] if8oGqsf lj?4 ;zQm af}l4s cfGbf]ng, u0ftGq g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fdf k|lta4 rf}yf] lhNnf ;Dd]ngÆ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy ut zlgaf/ g]kfn /fli6«o a'l4hLjL ;+u7g eQmk'/sf] lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;+u7gs} s]Gb|Lo cWoIf sf]dn a/fnåf/f pb\3fl6t ;Dd]ngn] /fhg kf]v/]nsf] cWoIftfdf b'O{ ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L @# ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . cGo kbflwsf/Ldf pkfwoIf xl/ s]=;L=, ;lrj k"0f{ nfld5fg], ;x;lrj pd]z nD;fn / sf]iffWoIf uf}/f l/hfn x'g''x'G5 .
;Dd]ng ;kmntfsf] sfdgf JoQm ug{]x?df g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ eQmk'/ lhNnf O~rfh{ xl/ If]qL, ;+u7gsf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cWoIf e"ld b]jsf]6f, clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ eQmk'/sf gj/fh b'nfn, clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+u7g eQmk'/sf /d]z u'/fufO{+, blnt d'lQm df]rf{ eQmk'/sf /fh]Gb| lj=s=, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ eQmk'/sf jL/]Gb| a:g]tnufot x'g'x'GYof] .

l/kf]6{?
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqjfbLx?sf] ;+sNksf] nx/

bLk]Gb| /f]sfof
sf7df8f}+÷b]zdf cu|ufdL lgsf; lg:sf];\ / ;f9] b'O{ s/f]8 g]kfnLn] cfÎgf] efUo / eljio cfkm} lgdf{0f ug{ ;s"g\ eGg] rfxg] b]zeQmx? qmdzM nf]stflGqs u0ftflGqs df]rf{ lgdf{0f sfo{df h'6]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] cu|ufdL lgsf;sf nflu x'g] ;a} kxn / sfdsf] ;dy{g / kZrufdL sfdsf] lj/f]wdfq xf]Og b]zLljb]zL if8\oGqsf] kbf{kmf; ug]{ sfo{df cfkm"x? h'6]sf] klg atfPsf 5g\ .
o;/L ag]sf df]rf{ x'g\– jl/i7 jfdkGyL g]tf eQm axfb'/ >]i7sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t /fli6«o hgd~r g]kfn / zflGtsf] nflu a'l4hLjL cleofg, b]zeQm nf]stflGqs d~r / /fli6«o cleefjs ;+3sf] ;lqmo kxndf k|f=/fddfg >]i7sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ag]sf] nf]stflGqs df]rf{ .
ha ha b]zdf ef/t / cd]l/sL rnv]n gfËf] ?kdf x'G5, To;a]nf ;d;fdlos ljifodf nf]stGqjfbL / u0ftGqjfbLnfO{ Ps 7fp“df NofP/ ;a}sf] Pp6} k|xf/ agfpg] ljrf/ uf]i7L ub}{ cfPsf] 5– /fli6«o hgd~rn] . hgd~rsf ;+of]hs >]i7 eGg'x'G5– æxfdLn] cu|ufdL lgsf;sf afws sf] x'g\ eGg] s'/f g]kfnL hgtfsf aLr s'/f] grkfOsg /fVg] k|oTg u/]sf 5f}+ .Æ pxf“n] cfkm"x?sf] ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmd eg]sf] b]z / hgtfsf] efjgfljkl/t x'g] sfds'/fsf] lj/f]w ug]{ /x]sf] / hgd'lQmsf nflu x'g] ;a} vfn] lg0f{odf ;dy{g x'“b} cfPsf] klg atfpg'eof] .
#@ ;b:oLo nf]stflGqs df]rf{sf ;+of]hs k|fWofks >]i7nfO{ cem} ;Demgf cfp“5, rf/ jif{ cl3;Dd ;+ljwfg;efsf] gfd lng klg 8/fpg] hdftsf] . pxf“sf] egfO 5, æs:tf] lj8Dagf eg] g]kfndf hfGg];'Gg]n] g} ;+ljwfg;efsf ljifodf af]Ng 8/fp“y], ToxL a]nf xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;ef s] xf] < style="font-weight: bold;">æTo;}n] t k|To]s c~rn, lhNnf x'“b} ufp“:t/;Dd nf]stflGqs / u0ftflGqs df]rf{ u7g x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .Æ ;+of]hs /fddfg >]i7sf] ljrf/df k"0f{ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq x'“b} hgu0ftGq;Dd hfgsf] nflu o:tf df]rf{x?n] plrt jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sb5g\ .
!) jif{sf] hgo'4sf] hudf ePsf] !( lbg] hgcfGbf]ng kZrft\sf] /fli6«o cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ;+o'Qm u0ftflGqs df]rf{ ut r}q @$ ut] u7g ePsf] 5 . df]rf{sf ;+of]hs v]d yklnofn] lbg'ePsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ @@ lhNnfsf u0ftGqjfbLx?nfO{ e]nf u/]/ k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] / ;f] e]nf kZrft\ u0ftGq gfds a'n]l6g tLg k6s k|sfzgdf NofO;lsPsf] 5 . %! ;b:oLo ;+o'Qm u0ftflGqs df]rf{sf] p2]Zodf cfd g]kfnLnfO{ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf afws / ;fws sf] x'g\ eGg] ljifodf k|lzIf0f lbg] /x]sf] atfOG5 .
k"j{ ;f+;b eLdaxfb'/ s7fotsf] g]t[Tjdf ag]sf] nf]stflGqs u0ftGq df]rf{ g]kfnsf] nIo / p2]Zo klg o:t} 5 . df]rf{n] k"j{ d]rLb]lv klZrd dfxsfnL;Dd ePsf] b]zLljb]zL rnv]n / jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] s8f cfnf]rgf ub}{ k"j{ / klZrdsf If]qLo sfo{qmddf cfÎgf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglwx? Jo:t /x]sf] atfPsf] 5 . df]rf{sf pkfWoIf /jLGb| s]=;L=n] clxn] ;+ljwfg;ef ;a}n] eGg] t/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj} x'g glbg] ;+;bsf] v]n ljb]zL Ozf/fdf e}/x]sf]n] ;f]sf] lj?4df d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Dd u0ftGqjfbLx?sf] ;Gb]z lbg h?/L 7fg]sf] atfpg'eof] .
To;f] t g]kfndf c;+ul7t t/ gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfsf] ?kdf rL/kl/lrt 8f= b]j]Gb|/fh kf08], kß/Tg t'nfw/, s[i0f kxf8L, 8f=;'Gb/dl0f bLlIft, Zofd >]i7, vu]Gb| ;+u|f}nfx? g]kfndf k':tf}+b]lv /fh u/]/ b'Mv lbg] /fhtGqsf] cGTo g} clxn]sf] cfjZostf ePsf]df hf]8 lbg'x'G5 . cd]l/sf / ef/tsf] l/df]6af6 g]kfn ;/sf/ rNg vf]Hb} 5 eGg] ljZn]if0f ub}{ cfpg'ePsf gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx?n] ut dlxgf sf7df8f}+sf] j;Gtk'/ 8anLaf6 elg;s]sf 5g\– æolb oxL rfn xf] eg] ltdLx?sf] s7fnf] ;dft]/ ;bgaf6 ;8sdf NofP/ ;8s5]psf] 9ndf l;gf] dfg]/ ldNsfpg] 5f}+ .Æ
o;/L g} k~rfotsfnaf6 ;+3if{/t hgjfbL df]rf{sf /fd/fhf l;+xn] klg nf]stGqjfbL / u0ftGqjfbLx? Ps eP/ cufl8 cufl8 a9\g] ;do cfPsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ! gDa/sf] zq' /fhtGqnfO{ dfgfy{ /fVg'kb{5 eGg]x? zq' ePsf] atfp“b} g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ gof“ af6f] b]vfpg] sfd dfcf]jfbLafx]s c?n] ug{ g;s]sf] dfq xf]Og ub}{ gu/]sf] atfpg yfNg'ePsf] 5 . pxf“sf] syg 5, æof] b]zsf] lhDdf dfcf]jfbLn] lnPdfq ;lk|G5 .Æ
b]zdf yk /Qmkft gxf];\ / cu|ufdL lgsf; oyfzL3| ug{ ;sf];\ eGg] dfGotfsf ;fy tTsfn k|ltlglw;efsf] lj36g u/L cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g ug'{kg]{, ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ ldlt 3f]if0ff ug'{kg]{ nufotsf dfu /fvL ;+3if{sf] d}bfgdf &% j6} lhNnfsf :jtGq b]zeQmx? plqg yfn]sf 5g\ .
k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ pbo e§sf] ;+of]hsTjdf uf]/vf–sf7df8f}+ u0ftflGqs d~r ciff9 !) ut] u7g ePsf] lyof] . ;f] d~rn] uf]/vfaf6 sf7df8f}+ cfOa;]sf s/La $) xhf/ uf]vf{nLsf aLrdf k'u]/ cfufdL ^ dlxgfleq @) xhf/ uf]/vfnLx?nfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ nIo ;lxt cu|ufdL lgsf;sf nflu gful/s cfGbf]ngdf ;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfp“b} cfPsf] 5 . d~rsf] cfof]hgfdf ;fpg % ut] cf7a'“b] ;xdlt / gof“ g]kfn ljifos ljrf/uf]i7L ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
x't/fh kGtsf] ;+of]hsTjdf !( ;b:oLo lrtjg–sf7df8f}+ u0ftflGqs df]rf{ u7g ePsf] 5 . ;f] df]rf{n] Ps ljrf/uf]i7L ;DkGg u/]s] / ;a} k|sf/sf cu|ufdL lgsf;sf cfGbf]ngdf lrtjgaf;Lsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf u/fPsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
ptf bf]nvfaf6 sf7df8f}+ cfP/ a;]sfx?n] b]j/fh zdf{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf @ hgf kl5 yKg] u/L !% ;b:oLo bf]nvf–sf7df8f}+ uf0ftflGqs df]rf{ u7g u/]sf] hfgsf/L ;f] df]rf{sf ;lrj xl/åf/ s'“j/n] lbg'ePsf] 5 . @) xhf/ bf]nvfnLx? /fhwfgLdf /x]sf] / pgLx?sf] aLrdf u0ftGqjfbL r]tgf lbg cfkm"x? ciff9 @$kl5 lqmofzLn /x]sf] ;f] df]rf{n] hgfPsf] 5 .
wflbËaf6 sf7df8f}+ cfP/ a:g]x?sf] Ps e]nfn] rqmaxfb'/ e08f/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf !! ;b:oLo wflbË–sf7df8f}+ uf0ftflGqs df]rf{ cfof]hs ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 . g'jfsf]6af;Lx?n] klg /fhwfgLdf uf]kL e08f/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf !% ;b:oLo g'jfsf]6–sf7df8f}+ u0ftflGqs df]rf{ cfof]hs ;ldlt u7g u/]sf 5g\ . l;Gw'nLaf6 sf7df8f}+ cfPsfx? klg ;+ul7t eP/ cu|ufdL lgsf;sf nflu cfÎgf] kxn a9fpg d's'Gb uh'/]nsf] ;+of]hsTjdf @% ;b:oLo l;Gw'nL–sf7df8f}+ u0ftflGqs df]rf{sf] cfof]hs ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 . o:t} u/L tgx'“–sf7df8f}+ u0ftflGqs df]rf{ cfof]hs ;ldltdf k|sfz cs]nf / afun'Ë–s7df8f}+ u0ftflGqs df]rf{ cfof]hs ;ldltdf xl/s[i0f zdf{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf u7g ePsf 5g\ .
kj{t lhNnfaf6 sf7df8f}+ cfPsfx?n] cfÎgf] xslxtsf nflu hgcfGbf]ngtfsfaf6} pdfsfGt e"t]{nsf] ;+of]hsTjdf kf“r ;b:oLo kj{t–sf7df8f}+ u0ftflGqs d~r u7g ePsf] 5 . ;f] d~rn] kj{taf;Lx?sf] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqk|lt /x]sf] ;xfg'e"lt / ;lqmotfnfO{ phfu/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
o;}aLr If]qLo pTkL8g vlk/x]sf] s0ff{nL k|b]zaf6 sf7df8f}+ cfP/ ljleGg k]zf / Joj;fodf lqmofzLn ePsf s0ff{nLaf;L ;+ul7t eP/ s0ff{nLsf] :jfoQtf / cu|ufdL lgsf;sf nflu s0ff{nL u0ftflGqs d~r lgdf{0fdf nfu]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] hgfb]znfO{ lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ x/]s ;+3if{df s0ff{nLsf] klg ;xeflutf / lg0ff{os txdf s0ff{nLsf] kx'“r k'¥ofpg pQm d~r lqmofzLn x'g] atfPsf 5g\ .
o;/L b]z nf]stflGqs u0ftGqdo aGb} uPsf] / nf]stflGqs u0ftGqlj?4 hfg vf]Hg] ;:+yf / JolQmnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg]x?sf] b]zdf gof“ ;+sNksf] nx/ km}ln“b} 5 .

;DkfbsLo

cGtl/d ;+ljwfgnfO{ oyfzL3| k"0f{tf b]p
kGw| lbgleq cGtl/d ;+ljwfg d:of}bf tof/ ug{ egL afn'jf6f/ lzv/ jftf{sf] cf7a'“b] ;xdltn] lbPsf] lgb{]zgcg';f/ u7g ul/Psf] d:of}bf ;ldltn] k"0f{tf k|fKt ug{ dfq sl/a Ps dlxgf nfu]sf] s'/f ;j{ljlbt 5 . k"j{GofofwLz nId0f cof{nsf] ;+of]hsTjdf 5 hgfaf6 u7g k|lqmof yfngL ul/Psf] d:of}bf ;ldltdf tLg ls:tfdf ;f]x| hgf k'¥ofPkl5 dfq k"0f{ k|fKt u/]sf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] lyof] . o;/L d:of}bf ;ldlt u7g k|lqmofb]lv g} lvrnf] z'? ug{' ;Qf;Lg /fhg}lts bnx?df /x]sf] cu|ufdL /fhg}lts k|lta4tfsf] cefj dfq xf]Og hgefjgfsf] 3f]/ ckdfg klg xf] .
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kf“ra'“b] ;xdltkl5sf /fli6«o 36gfqmdx?df cGt/f{li6«o zlQms]Gb|x?sf] rnv]n s:tf] b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <
b'a} ;]gfnfO{ a/fa/L x}l;otdf /fv]/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] cjlw;Dd To;sf] cg'udg ug{], To;kl5 kl/0ffdcg';f/ k'gM;+of]hg u/]/ gof“ ;]gf lgdf{0f ug{] h'g ;xdlt lyof], To;sf] ljk/Lt c;f/ !* ut] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nfO{ kq n]lvof] . To;df hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] xltof/ cnUofpg] slyt l8sld;lgª eGg] zAb k|of]u ul/of] . To;n] g} ;d:of l;h{gf u/]sf] xf] . Tolta]nf g} ;/sf/ if8oGqdf p2Q lyof] eGg] k|i6 ePsf] xf] . xfdLn] 7"nf] ;+3if{kl5 ;fpg @$ ut] To;nfO{ ;RofP/ gof“ kf“ra'“b] lr7L t n]Vof} t/ To;kl5 klg tL if8oGqsf/L zlQmx?n] cfk\mgf] if8oGqnfO{ hf/L /fv] . clxn];Dd klg cfn6fn ub{} /fhgLlts ;xdlt lagf PskIfLo?kdf xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf] s'/f p7fpg] k|oTg ul//x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] of] zflGtjftf{ cufl8 hfg g;s]sf] xf] . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 cfP klg /fhgLlts ;xdlt sfod x'g ;s]g eg] p;n] oxf“ s]xL ug{ ;Qm}g . lsgls ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] e"ldsf eg]sf] ;xof]uL e"ldsf dfq} xf] . cf7a'“b] ;xdltsf] efiffdf k|i6 x]g{'eof] eg] ;]gf / xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg xfdLn] g} ug{'kg{], To;df ;xof]u dfq ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] ug{] eGg]5 . To;sf] cy{ ToxL xf], ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 cfkm}+ cfP klg /fhgLlts ;xdlt lagf p;n] s]xL ug{ ;Qm}g .
clxn] ev{/} cd]l/sLx?sf] ;+;bLo 6f]nL oxf“ cfPsf] 5 . oxf“sf ;f+;bx? klg k'/fgf] ;}lgs d'Vofnodf 3'd]/ cfPsf 5g\, of]] ;+of]u dfq} xf] h:tf] nfU5 tkfO{nfO{ <
of] uDeL/ cGt/f{li6«o k|ltlqmofjfbL if8oGqsf] kl/ro xf] eg]/ xfdLn] a'‰g'kb{5 . lsgls !@ a'“b] ;dembf/Lsf] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf k|ltlglw df]l/of6L{n] v'n]/} lj/f]w u/] . cf7a'“b] ;xdltsf] klg v'n]/} lj/f]w u/] . kl5Nnf] kN6 xfdLn] s] yfxf kfof}+ eg] ef/tLo zf;sju{sf] Pp6f tKsf h;n] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngk|lt s]xL ;xfg'e"lt /fVYof], Tof] klg cGTodf cfP/ k]ml/ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbLx?s} nfOgdf uO/fv]sf] 5 . g]kfndf zfxL ;]gfnfO{ ;fy lnO{ ;+;bjfbLsf] sf“wdf aGb's /fv]/ qmflGtsf/L lj?4 ;f]‰ofpg] if8oGq eO/fv]sf] 5 eGg] e/kbf{] hfgsf/L xfdLn] kfPsf 5f}+ . To;} l;nl;nfdf g} of] afx\o rnv]n b]lvg] u/L ePsf] xf] . o;af6 ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm g]kfnLx? ;ts{ /xg / Tof] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;fd|fHojfbL if8oGqnfO{ k/f:t ug{ rgfvf] x'g c;fWo} h?/L 5 eGg] xfdL cfx\jfg ug{ rfxG5f}+ .
;]/]df]lgon lsË u7aGwglj?4 nf]stflGqs u0ftflGqs u7aGwgsf] nflu df]rf{ lgdf{0fsf] kxn s]–s:tf] ePsf] 5 <
lglZrt?kdf xfdLn] Tof] s'/fnfO{ af]w u/]/ g} slyt ;]/]df]lgon /fhtGqjfbL wf/sf lj?4 nf]stflGqs u0ftGqjfbL wf/nfO{ alnof] kfg{ Pp6f a[b\ ;+o'Qm df]rf{ sfod ug{'k5{ eGg] kxn ul//x]sf 5f}+ . Tof] lbzfdf cfGtl/s u[xsfo{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . sltko kf6L{x?n] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf lg0f{o ul/;s]sf 5g\ / ;+o'Qm df]rf{ agfP/ hfg] lg0f{o klg u/]sf 5g\ . sltko ;d"xx?, JolQmx?, gful/s ;dfh k]zfut ;+u7gx?, hftLo, If]qLo, ;+u7gx? hf] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf kIfdf 5g\, oL ;a};+u s'/fsfgL u/]/ Pp6f a[xb\ e]nfdfkm{t\ a[xb\ u0ftflGqs df]rf{ agfP/ cufl8 a9\g'kb{5 eGg] k|oTg xfdLn] ul//fv]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] s] ljZjf; 5 eg] l5§} g} Tof] k|oTg ;kmn x'g]5 . To;n] Tof] k|ltufdL if8oGqnfO{ c;kmn kfg]{5 / ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfu{ k|z:t ug{]5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] a]nfdf klg Tof] u0ftflGqs df]rf{n] b]zdf u0ftGqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ug{] lbzfdf dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng]5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ ljZjf; 5 .
g]kfn h:tf] b]zdf ;]/]df]lgon lsË lsg cfjZos / ;+ej 5}g <
b'lgof“sf] Oltxf; kN6fP/ x]g{'eof] eg] /fhtGq eg]sf] ;fdGtjfbL /fHoJoj:yfsf] /fhgLlts k|ltlglw xf] . ;fdGtjfb cGTo eO;s]/ k"“hLjfbsf] ljsf; ePsf] 7fp“df t k"“hLkltju{n] Pp6f gfd dfqsf] cfn+sfl/s /fhtGq kl5 lkmtf{ u/]/ sof}+ 7fp“df /fVg] u/]sf 5g\ . o"/f]ksf sltko b]zdf Tof] ePsf] 5 . Tof]b]lv afx]s ;fdGtjfbL /fhtGq cfkm}+ cfn+sfl/s tyf ;]/]df]lgon /fhtGqdf kl/0ft ePsf] ljZj Oltxf;df s'g} klg pbfx/0f 5}g . To;sf] ckjfb g]kfndf x'g ;Qm}g . lsgls cfn+ssf/L /fhtGq eg]sf] k"“hLjfbL hudf v8f x'g] /fhtGq xf], hals g]kfndf k"“hLjfbL nf]stGqs} ljsf; eO;s]sf] 5}g . oxf“ x'g] s'g} klg gfdsf] /fhtGq eg]sf] cGttM lg/+s'z /fhtGq g} xf] . To;}n] xfdLn] /fhtGqsf] s'g} klg lap /fVg' eg]sf] k|sf/fGt/n] ;fdGtjfb / lg/+s'ztGqnfO{ hf]ufpg' g} xf] . g]kfndf k"“hLjfbL hgjfbL qmflGt k"/f geP;Dd cfn+ssf/L /fhtGq /fVg] k|oTg ug{' eg]sf] k"“hLjfbL hgjfbL qmflGtnfO{ k"0f{tf glbg' xf] . ;fdGtjfbnfO{ l6sfO /fVg' xf] . To; cy{df of] hfndf xfdL km:g} x'“b}g . /fhtGqsf] s'g} klg gfpsf] lap g]kfndf /fVg' x'“b}g . of] xfd|f] :ki6 egfO xf] .
hgcfGbf]ngaf6 ag]sf] elgPsf] ;/sf/sf] hgtfsf k|To]s sfddf klg l9nf;':tL 5, . s] ca ;+3if{ cfjZos 5 eGg] k'li6 ePsf] xf] < jt{dfg ;/sf/n] hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgfsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{}ub{}g . /fhgLlts lx;fan] klg hgcfGbf]ngsf] d'Vo zlQmdWo] Ps ltxfO zlQm xf] . ;+;bjfbL Ps ltxfO, dfcf]jfbL Ps ltxfO xf] eg] gful/s ;dfh csf{] Ps ltxfO xf] . clxn] dfcf]jfbL zlQm / gufl/s ;dfh cfd hg;d'bfo Tof] eGbf aflx/ 5g\ . hf] ;+;bjfbL zlQm hgcfGbf]ngsf] Ps ltxfO zlQm dfq} xf] To;n] zfxL ;]gfsf] cf8df cfk"mnfO{ cGtl/d ;/sf/, hgcfGbf]ngaf6 :yflkt ;/sf/ eGg] kfv08k"0f{ 3f]if0ff ul//x]sf] 5, Tof] ;/f;/L a]OdfgL xf] . o;n] hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgf / dd{cg'?k s'g} klg sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpg ;Qm}g . clxn];Dd o;n] u/]sf ;+;bsf sltko lg0f{ox?, To;sf ah]6x? pxL k~rfotsfnsf / ljut ;+;bjfbL sfnsf] lg/Gt/tfafx]s xfdL s]xL klg kfp“b}gf}+ . ha ls clxn] hgcfGbf]ngsf] 3f]lift / :ki6 dfu eg]sf] ljutsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f“:s[lts ;+/rgfaf6 u'0ffTds ;DaGw–laR5]b ug{] lyof] . To;}n] cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx?n] km]l/ Pp6f t];|f] hgcfGbf]ngsf] l;h{gf u/]/ o;nfO{ k/f:t ug{'kb{5 . hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgfcg'?k cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f b]zdf nfu" ug{'kb{5 . ;+3if{sf] cfjZostf t 5“b}5 ;+u;+u} ;+jfb klg Ps lsl;dn] hf/L 5, casf] pRr:t/Lo jftf{ cyjf lzv/ jftf{ s]–s] s'/fdf s]lGb|t x'g'kb{5 <
casf] lzv/ jftf{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] d'Vo dfu nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{] / /fhtGqk|lt jkmfbf/ /lxcfPsf] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ lj36g ug{], To;df cfd"n cfly{s, ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f ug{]df s]lGb|t x'g'k5{ . hgcfGbf]ngsf dfu k"/f ug{] lx;fan] jftf{ k|lqmof cufl8 a9\5 eg] 7Ls 5 xf]Og eg] tL d"ne"t Ph]08f k5fl8 kf/]/ vfnL k'/fg}nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] 9+un] jftf{ k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg vf]lhG5 eg] jftf{ wf]sfk"0f{ dfq x'G5 To;sf] hfndf xfdL kmf:g' x'“b}g eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfU5 . To;}n] casf] jftf{ k|lqmof eg]sf] l;w} u0ftGqjfbL zlQmx?nfO{ g]t[Tj k|bfg ug{] ls gug{] <>ca k'/fgf] /fhtGqsf gof“ cjtf/ gof“ e"tsf] ?kdf logLx? cufl8 cfO/x]sf 5g\, ltgnfO{ g]t[Tj ;'lDkP/ ltgs} g]t[TjcGtu{t lrh cufl8 a9\5 eGg] ljZjf; xfdLdf 6'6]sf] 5 . To;n] klg logLx?sf] lj?4df xfdL ;+3if{df hfg' g} d'Vo cfjZostf xf] eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 jftf{ rflx+ clxn] ;xfos aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . clxn] b]zJofkL?kdf dfcf]jfbLn] cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3g u/]sf cf/f]kx? nflu/x]sf 5g\ . s] of] if8oGq dfq} xf] t <
of] afxfgfafhL dfq xf] . lglZrt?kdf tNnf]:t/df l56k'm6 36gf gePsf xf]Ogg\ . xfd|f] tk{maf6 klg sdLsdhf]/L ePgg\ egL xfdL eGb}gf}+ . t/ Tof] lans'n uf}0f s'/f xf] . To;nfO{ axfgfafhL agfP/ jftf{ ef“8\g] / oyfl:ylt sfod ug{] k|oTg ePsf] 5, Tof] g} k|d'v kIf xf] . To;}n] lemgfdl;gf lgx'“df xfd|} lj?4 h'n'; k|bz{g ug{], hgtf eg]/ cfk\mg} cf;]kf;] dfG5]nfO{ ptfg{] d08n], s'08n]x? ptf/]/ ljWj+z dRrfpg] h'g k|oTg ;+;bdf ePsf kf6L{x?s} g]t[Tjdf eO/x]sf] 5 o;n] s] b]vfp“5 eg] of] jftf{ ef“8\g], oyfl:ylt nDAofpg] k|oTg xf] . To;} ePsf] x'gfn] klg of] if8oGqnfO{ lr/]/ a]n}df kbf{kmf; ug{'kb{5 / hgtfsf] u0ftGqjfbL zlQmx?sf] 5'§} ;+3if{sf] wf/nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf xf] .
cfd pTkLl8t g]kfnL hgtfn] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_lt/} x]l//x]sf 5g\ lsgls clxn] cl:tTjdf /x]sf / 7"nf elgPsf ;a} /fhgLlts bnx? Psk6s ;Qfdf uPsf] hgtfn] b]lv;s] ltgLx?sf] g]t[Tj klg x]l/;s] ca tkfO{x?n] hgtfnfO{ s] s'/fsf] nflu tof/ /xg cfx\jfg ug{'x'G5 <
of] b'O{;o c7\tL; jif{ k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfsf] cy{tGq / ;fdflhs ;+/rgfdf cfd"n kl/jt{g clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] . To;sf] lglDt /fhgLlts clw/rgfdf /fhtGqsf] cGTo / zfxL ;]gfsf] lj36g u/]/ gof“ /fli6«o ;]gfsf] lgdf{0f of] /fhgLlts IF]qdf dxŒjk"0f{ k|Zg xf] . bf];|f] k|Zg eg]sf] v; cfo{ cx+sf/jfbdf cfwfl/t ;fdGtL PsfTds /fHo;QfnfO{ cGTo u/]/ pTkLl8t hflt / If]qsf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ / :jzf;g sfod x'g] u/L /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfsf] gof“ 9f“rf lgdf{0f ug{'kg{] s'/f 5 / t];|f] dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f eg]sf] oxf“sf ax';+Vos ul/a ls;fgsf kIfdf qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ ug{], ljb]zLaf6 pTkLl8t cy{tGqnfO{ d'Qm u/]/ /fli6«o cf}Bf]lus/0fsf] gLlt nfu" ug{] h:tf cfly{s, ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf sfd klg oxf“ af“sL 5g\ . /, of] Ph]08f oL k'/fg} ;+;bjfbL /fhfjfbL zlQmx?n] k"/f ug{ ;Qm}gg\ lsgls /fhtGqsf] #) jif{] k~rfotL sfndf klg Tof] x'g ;s]g . ;+;bjfbLx?sf] !@ jif{] zf;gsfndf klg x'g ;s]g . /fHosf] ;du| k'g;{+/rgf, /fHo / ;]gfsf] k'g;{+/rgf / cfly{s If]qdf cfwf/e"t k'g;{+/rgf ug{sf] lglDt dfcf]jfbL zlQmsf] g]t[Tjdf gof“ nf]stflGqs u0ftflGqs /fHo;Qf lgdf{0f ug{' afx]s csf{] ljsNk 5}g . To;}df uf]naGb x'g cfdhgtfnfO{ cfx\jfg ub{5f}+ .
cGtl/d ;/sf/df uO;s]kl5 dfcf]jfbL;+u 5'§} ;]gf /xg' vt/fsf] s'/f xf] eg]/ s]xL kf6L{x? eGb}5g\, pgLx?nfO{ s] eGg'x'G5 <
Tof] t a]OdfgLk"0f{ egfO xf] . !@ a“'b] / cf7a'“b] ;xdltdf g} k|i6 elgPsf] 5– b'a}yl/ ;]gfnfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg cjlwdf cnu–cnu /fv]/ lgu/fgL ug{] / To;kl5 b'a} ;]gfsf] k'g;{+of]hg u/]/ gof“ /fli6«o ;]gf lgdf{0f ug{] . klxNo} eO;s]sf] ;xdlt ljk/Lt uP/ clxn] gfd k]ml/Psf] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ rflx+ /fli6«o ;]gfsf] ?kdf :yflkt ug{ vf]Hg] t/ nf]stGqsf] lglDt n8]sf] ul/a ls;fg, blnt, dhb'/, dlxnfn] ag]sf] ;dfj]zL hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ lj36g u/fpg] if8oGq eg]sf] ;ft ;fnb]lvsf] Oltxf;sf] k'g/f{j[lQ u/fpg] if8oGq dfq} xf] . To;df xfdL k6Ss} km:g' x'“b}g . lj36g ug{'kg{] eg]sf] zfxL ;]gf xf], t}klg xfdLn] clxn]sf] ljlzi6 zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] cj:yfnfO{ Wofg lb+b} b'a} ;]gfnfO{ lj36g ug{'sf] ;f6f] b'a}nfO{ lgu/fgLdf /fvf}+ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg kl5 b'a}sf] k'g;+of]hg u/L gof“ /fli6«o ;]gf lgdf{0f u/f}+ eg]sf 5f}+ . pgLx?sf] gAa] xhf/sf] ;]gf / xfd|f] #% xhf/sf] ;]gf hDdf ldnfP/ Ps nfv kRrL; xhf/sf] ;]gf x'G5 . clxn]sf] g]kfnsf] ljlzi6 ;Gbe{df Tolt 7"nf] ;]gfsf] ;f6f] cfwf 36fP/ /fli6«o ;]gf lgdf{0f u/] x'G5 eGg] xfd|f] k|:tfj xf] . t/, of] s'/fnfO{ jf:tf gu/]/ xfd|f] nf]stGqjfbL ;]gfnfO{ lj36g ug{] k|oTg u/]sf 5g\ . Tof] l;w} ;fd|fHojfbLx? / /fhtGqjfbLx?sf] xftaf6 v]Ng] k|k~rdfq} xf] . To;}n] xfdL o:tf] k|k~rdf gkm:g ;ft kf6L{eqsf OdfGbf/ nf]stGqjfbLx?nfO{ ljz]if cfu|x ub{5f}+ .
åGå Joj:yfkg;DaGwL 8L8Lcf/ eGg] ;"q oxf“ nfu" ug{ vf]lh+b}5 . Tof] ;"q k]mn eO;Sof] eGg] tkfO{x?;+u s] ts{ 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df s:tf] gof“ ljlw x'g;S5 <
slyt 8L8Lcf/ kmd{'nf ;fd|fHojfbLx?n] cufl8 ;f/]sf] kmd{'nf xf] . 8L8Lcf/ cyf{t l8:cfdL{ª, l8df]eLnfOh];g / l/OlG6«u];g eGg] pgLx?sf] tLg r/0fsf] ;"q xf] . Tof] eg]sf] Pp6f k/flht ;]gfdf nfu" x'g] s'/f xf] . o'4df xfg{]nfO{ s;/L lgz:q kfg{] / gof“ /f]huf/L lbP/ Joj:yfkg ug{] eGg] s'/fdf cfwfl/t 5 . h'g ;]gf k|ltqmflGtsf/L rl/qsf] x'G5 / h;sf] rl/q nf]stGq lj/f]wL x'G5 To:tf] lj36g ug{'kg{] ;]gfsf] xsdf Tof] nfu" x'G5 . hals g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df hgd'lQm ;]gf eg]sf] t ljhoL ;]gf xf] . of] xf/]sf] ;]gf xf]Og, en} kmf}hL 9+un] k"/} ljho geP klg /fhgLlts / g}lts lx;fan] of] ljhoL ;]gf xf] . bf];|f] s'/f hgd'lQm ;]gf eg]sf] cu|ufdL ;f]+r;lxtsf] nf]stGqjfbL ;]gf xf] . of] ;]gf t /fli6«o ;]gfsf] d]?b08 aGg'kb{5 . o:tf] ;]gfnfO{ lj36g u/fpg] s'/f s'g} klg xfntdf x'“b}g . To;}n] ;fd|fHojfbLx?n] cufl8 ;f/]sf] 8L8Lcf/sf] kmd{'nf g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df k6Ss} nfu" x“'b}g . of] s'/f xfdLn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] 6f]nLnfO{ klg /fv]sf 5f}+ . pgLx? klg l;4fGttM s] ;xdt 5g\ eg] pgLx?n] hxf“–hxf“ 8L8Lcf/ kmd{'nf nfu" u/] Tof] kmd{'nf oxf“ nfu" x'“b}g . oxf“sf] cfjZostf eg]sf] b'a} ;]gfnfO{ ;dfof]hg u/]/ gof“ /fli6«o ;]gf lgdf{0f ug{'kg{] cj:yf xf] eGg] s'/f pgLx?n] klg :jLsf/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] 8L8Lcf/sf] ;§f pgLx?n] csf{] kbfjnL æP;P;cf/Æ ;]So'l/6L, ;]S6/ l/kmd{ -;'/Iff If]qsf] ;'wf/_ eg]/ csf{] kmd{'nf klg pgLx?n] cufl8 ;f/]sf lyP . xfdLn] 8L8Lcf/ eGbf P;P;cf/ Ps r/0f cufl8 5 eGof}+ . ef]ln Tof] ;'wf/ -l/kmd{_ eGg'eGbf klg k'g;{+/rgf -l/:6«Srl/ª_ eGg' 7Ls x'G5 eg]/ xfdLn] ;'emfj lbPsf 5f}+ . P;P;cf/ -;]So'l/6L ;]S6/ l/:6Srl/ª_ eGg] kbfjnL g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df nfu" x'G5 . of] g} clxn]sf] oyfy{ xf] . o;nfO{ /fd|f];+u a'‰g vf;u/L ;'/Iff lj1x?;+u xfdL ljz]if cfu|x ub{5f}+ .
Tof] ;DaGwL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf pRr sdf08/x? ;xdt x'g'x'G5 <
o; s'/fdf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf pRr sdf08/x? Pp6f /fhgLlts ;]gf ePsf]n] /fhgLlts lg0f{ocg';f/ h];'s} ug{ klg ;xdt x'g'x'G5 . To;df hgd'lQm ;]gf ;xdt x'“b}g ls, sdf08/ ;xdt x'“b}gg\ ls eGg] h'g cfz+sf km}nfpg vf]lhPsf] 5 Tof] e'm6f] k|rf/afhL dfq} xf] . xfd|f] /fhgLlts ljrf/åf/f n}; ;]gf ePsf] x'gfn] /fhgLlts g]t[Tjn] h] lg0f{o ub{5, To;nfO{ cIf/; kfngf ug{] k|lta4tf xfd|f] ;du| ;}Go ;+/rgfsf sdf08/sf] 5 . To;af/]df cfz+sf JoQm ug{'kg{] s'g} 7fp“ 5}g .
Oltxf;lt/ Psrf]l6 k]ml/ kmls{g rfxG5f}+, clxn];Ddsf /fhgLlts 36gfqmdsf] j}1flgstf g]skf -dfcf]jfbl_sf] r'gjfª a}7s;+u s;/L hf]l8G5 <
r'gjfª a}7ssf s]xL o'ufGtsf/L dxŒjsf s'/fx? 5g\ . klxnf] s'/f j}rfl/s lx;fan] cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf Pstf, ;+3if{ / ?kfGt/0fsf] ljifonfO{ a'‰g] q'l6x? lyP . kf6L{leq cGt/;+3if{ rn]kl5 To;nfO{ ?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofn] xn u/]/ gof“ cfwf/sf] gof“ Pstf lgdf{0f ug{'sf] ;f6f] Pstf, ;+3if{ / k"m6, lj36g x'g] Pp6f k/Dk/f a:b} cfPsf] lyof] . To;nfO{ tf]8]/ Pstf, ;+3if{ / ?kfGt/0f d'Vo?kdf ?kfGt/0f xf] eGg] gof“ ljrf/sf] k|ltkfbg u¥of] . To;}sf] cfwf/df xfd|f] kf6L{ Psl9Ssf ag]/ cufl8 cfof] . gof“ pmhf{ kf6L{leq / aflx/ ;dfhdf klg ;[hgf u¥of] . To;n] clxn]sf] cfGbf]ngdf !@ a'“b] ;dembf/L x'“b} r}q–j}zfvsf] hgcfGbf]ngdf PsLs[t efj;lxt cl3 a9\g d2t k'¥ofof] . bf];|f] kIf eg]sf] r'gjfª a}7sn] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df k'/fgf] /fhgLlts÷kmf}hL /0fgLlt h'g bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] /fhgLlts kmf}hL /0fgLlt xf] To;nfO{ clxn]sf] ljlzi6 cj:yfdf ljsl;t u/]/ bL3{sfnLg hgo'4 / ;z:q ljb|f]xnfO{ k\mo'hg;lxt Pp6f gof“ 9+usf] kmf}hL /fhgLlts sfo{lbzf ljsf; ug{'k5{ eGg] dfGotf cufl8 ;f¥of] . To;}sf] cfwf/df xfdLn] ufp“df s]lGb|t bL3{sfnLg hgo'4 / zx/ s]lGb|t hgcfGbf]ngsf] k\mo'hg;lxt cufl8 a9\b} cfPsf 5f}+ . To;n] Pp6f gof“ kmf}hL /fhgLlts sfo{lbzf cufl8 a9fpg] lbzfdf klg sfd ul//fv]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] hgjfbL qmflGtnfO{ To;}n] lgisif{df k'¥ofp“5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . /, To; lx;fan] r'gjfª a}7ssf] o'ufGtsf/L dxŒj 5 . To;}sf] cfwf/df To;sf] hudf pleP/ g} g]kfndf oL dxfg\ kl/jt{gx? eO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f xfdL ;a}n] a'‰g'k5{ . o;sf] j}1flgstf o;/L k'li6 eO/x]sf] 5 .
s=k|r08n] kl5Nnf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf k|:t't ug{'ePsf] clk|n y]l;;sf] j}1flgstf cfhsf] lbg;Dd slt k'li6 ePsf] 5 . To;sf] ;dLIff ug{] a]nf eof] ls ePg < style="font-weight: bold;">;s];Dd xfdLn] jftf{dfkm{t\ g} d'n'snfO{ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq;Dd k'¥ofpg] k|oTg ug{], jftf{åf/f nf]stflGqs u0ftGqdf k'luPg eg] k]ml/ Pp6f zx/ s]lGb|t hgcfGbf]ngsf] cf“wLa]x/L ;[hgf u/]/ hgljb|f]xdfkm{t\ klg nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg'k5{ eGg] j}slNks af6f] to ul/Psf] lyof], To;}nfO{ xfdLn] clk|n y]l;; eg]sf lyof}+ . To;nfO{ xfdLn] b'O{j6f sfo{gLlt eGof}+ . Pp6f jftf{dfkm{t\ g} nf]stflGqs u0ftGqdf k'Ug] k|oTg ug{] . k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] if8oGqn] Tof] x'g lbPg eg] hg;+3if{ / hgljb|f]xsf] dfWodn] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{] . Tolt;Dd k'Ug bf];|f] sfo{gLlt klg ckgfpg'k5{, To;sf] nflu klg tof/L ug{'k5{ eg]sf lyof}+ . To;}nfO{ xfdLn] clk|n y]l;; eg]sf lyof}+ . ljut rf/ dlxgfsf 36gfqmdn] Tof] ;xL ;fljt u/]sf] 5 / clxn] klg jftf{sf] ljsNk k"/} 6'+lu;Sof] eGg] t xf]Og t/ Tof] ljsNk ;fx|} IfL0f / sdhf]/ x'“b} uO/fv]sf] 5 . ca xfdLn] hgcfGbf]ng / hgljb|f]xsf] sfo{gLltdf a9L hf]8 ug{'kb{5 eGg] Jojxf/n] k'li6 ul/;s]sf] 5 . k|:t'lt– dgClif lwtfn÷ch{'g yklnof

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åGå/t jt{dfg / syfdf To;sf] cjt/0f
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l;ª\uf] dfgjOltxf; Pp6f syf xf] eg] xfdL dfG5] To;leqsf rnodfg kfq . dfgj cyf{t\ o'usf] lgdf{tf, Oltxf;sf] lgdf{tf, syfsf] ch;| ;|f]t / ;f/yL . ;dosf] Joltqmddf lgdf{0f ePsf] dfgjOltxf; syfsf] d]?b08 . syfsf] sylotf, ;|f]tf / ef]Qmf dfg5] syfaf6 c5'tf] /xg ;Sb}g . To;}n] dfgjOltxf; Pp6f syf xf] / Pp6f syf dfgjhfltsf] Oltxf; xf] . syf cyf{t\ dfgjhfltsf] cfk\mgf] syf, cfkm}n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] syf / cfk\mg} nflu lgdf{0f u/]sf] syf . cem o;f] egf}+ snfkf/vL dfG5]sf] snfs[lt–syfs[lt .
åGå ;dfhljsf;sf] k|lqmof, juL{o ;fdflhs ;+/rgfleqsf] clgjfo{ cfjZostf . ToxL cfjZostfsf hudf 6]s]/ g} g]kfnL ;dfh åGå/t /x]sf] 5, s]xL ;dootf Tof] k|lqmof 3gLe"t ePsf] 5 . ToxL åGå syfdf ;d]t 3gLe"t x'g' clgjfo{ cfjZostf xf] t/ cfjZostfcg'?k åGå/t g]kfnL ;dfh / To;sf j}ljWonfO{ syfdf 3gLe"t u/fpg] sfo{ ck]Iffs[t ?kdf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBdfg juL{o åGåsf] k|ltlaDag sljtf, uLt / ;+:d/0fdf hlt tLj|tfsf ;fy x'g ;Sof] Tof] l:ylt syfdf b]lvPg . o;f] x'g'sf k5fl8 s]xL ;Ldf / ;d:of cjZo} 5g\, ltgsf] klxrfg u/]kl5 dfq} oyfy{af]w x'g;S5 . vf; u/]/ ljwfut ljlzi6tfsf sf/0f klg syfsf t'ngfdf sljtf, uLt / ;+:d/0fdf kf]lvg ;lhnf] 5 . sljtf, uLt / ;+:d/0fdf cg'e"ltsf] lj:tf/ / ljGof;df hlt tLj|tf / ;xhtf /xg ;S5 syfdf To;f] x'g g;Sg'sf] sf/0f o'4e"ldsf aLraf6 / ;x/L e"ldaf6 ;d]t syf n]vgsfo{ sd} dfqfdf ePsf] 5 eGg' cgy{ gxf]nf . syf n]Vbf a]nufd / a]/f]s6f]s kf]lvg gkfOg], ;+od / cg'zf;g cln a9L rflxg], oyfy{sf] rog / k|f?kLs/0f clg kfq, kl/j]z, lqmofJofkf/ 36gfsf] Jojl:yt ljGof;, afx\o agf]6 clg cfGtl/s a'gf]6 knkndf ;ts{tfnufot cGo ljwfsf t'ngfdf s]xL e}memd]nf a]xf]g{' kg{] . of] Pp6f jf:tljstf x'g ;Snf t/ l;h{gsdL{x?, Oltxf;sf lgdf{tfx? / kl/jt{gsf cg'ofoLx? hl6ntfs} aLraf6 l;h{gzLn Ifdtf / k|ltefnfO{ pkof]u ul/5f8\5g\ / syfn]vgnfO{ ;/n agfp“5g\ .
g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBdfg åGånfO{ ljleGg 9ª\un] syfdf cjtl/t u/fpg] sfo{ @)%#÷)%$ ;fnb]lv g} ePsf] kfOG5 . ljutdf ;x/df a:g] ;|i6fx?n] åGå;DaGwL ;'g]a'em]sf 36gfk|;ª\unfO{ k|f?kLs/0f u/]/ ;ª\3if{sf ljleGg afGsL tyf To;sf lj?4 /fHoåf/f ;~rflnt hgxTof / /fHocftª\s;DaGwL lgs[i6 sfo{nfO{ pbfª\uf] kfg{] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . cyf{t\ @)%@ ;fnotf g]kfnL ;dfhdf 3gLe"t ePsf] åGå / åGå/t g]kfnL ;dfhsf j}ljWonfO{ syfn]vgsf] ljifo;fdu|L agfP/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] kl/jt{gsf] rfxgfk|lt uDeL/ rf;f] / lrGtf syfsf/n] k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . /d]z ljsnsf] …cftª\sjfbLÚ -dw'ks{_, vu]Gb| ;ª\u|f}nfsf …/f]Nkfsf] /ldtfÚ -snd !M#_ / s'/fpgLsf] l/Qf] k]?ª\uf] -pT;fx, @)%$ df3_, Clif/fh a/fnsf …cfh–ef]lnsf] uLtÚ, …Pp6f jgdfG5]sf] syfÚ -jgdfG5]sf] syf_ / …;dj]bgfdfWodÚ -j]bgf, @)%^–ebf}_, 3gZofd 9sfnsf …cftª\sjfbLÚ, …5fkfdf/sf] vf]hLÚ, …dgleq k'mn]sf] nfnLu'/f“;Ú -cfhsf] dxfef/t_ / …k|hftGqÚ -j]bgf @)%^ ebf}_, O:dfnLsf] …;Tod]j hot]Ú -snd_, k"0f{lj/fdsf] …wGojfb g]K6] ;fsL{Ú -j]bgf, @)%^–ebf}_, ;L=kL= uh'/]n]sf] …;f]d]Ú -j]bgf, @$M@_, uf]ljGb jt{dfgsf] c“Wof/f]df chfdLn -j]bgf, @)%^–ebf}_, ljj; j:tLsf] …eL/df}/Lsf] dxÚ -snd_ cflb syf hgtfsf kª\lQmaf6 ePsf Tofu / pT;u{ tyf ;/sf/åf/f ;~rflnt s7f]/ bdgsf ;hLj b[i6fGt x'g\ . To;f] t Clif/fh a/fnsf jgdfG5]sf] syf -@)%$_ / ;}Go pkxf/ -@)%*_, 3gZofd 9sfnsf] …cfhsf] dxfef/tÚ -@)%%_ x'“b} kl5Nnf] ;dodf k'Go sfsL{sf] …dWo/ftdfÚ -@)^@_, czf]s ;'j]bLsf …d}n] /f]h]sf] af6f]Ú -@)^@_ / …gof“ j:tLÚ -@)^@_ Clif/fh a/fnsf] k}o'“ k'mNg yfn]kl5 -@)^#_ tyf sdn lgcf]nsf] …gof“ Oltxf;Ú -@)^#_ cflb syf;ª\u|x klg k|sfzdf cfPsf 5g\ . pko{'lNnlvt syf;ª\u|xdf åGå/t g]kfnL ;dfhsf ljleGg cfofd tyf cf/f]xcj/f]xsf] k|ltlaDag ePsf] 5 . logsf cltl/Qm @)^! ;fndf k|sfzdf cfPsf] k/z'/fd sf]O/fnfsf] …lg?Q/Ú syf;ª\u|xdf eg] o'4do kl/j]z / k|;ª\unfO{ syfsf] sYo gagfP/ g]kfnL /fhgLlts ;fdflhs hLjgsf j]lylt, lj;ª\ult / zf]if0f–pTkL8gsf ljleGg ?knfO{ syfsf] sYo agfOPsf] 5 . dfly pNn]v ul/Psf syf;ª\u|x / k'm6s/ syf dfq} klg @)%@ ;fn otfsf] åGå/t g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;Dos\ lrq0f ug{] syf x'g\ / olQ g} @)%@ ;fnotfsf] syfn]vgsf] pknlAw xf] eGg] rflx+ xf]Og / eP hlt ;a}sf] pNn]v oxf“ ug{' ;+ej ePg . slt syf ljleGg kqklqsfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf xf]nfg\, slt syf o'4If]qdf lqmofzLn ;|i6fsf 8fo/Ldf k|sfzg / kf7ssf] k|tLIffdf u'd;'d k/]/ a;]sf xf]nfg\, k|lts"n kl/j]z / k|lts"n ;~rf/sf sf/0f of] kf7s klg cgle1 xf]nf . a? cfufdL lbgx?df u'kr'k /x]sf ;|i6f / ltgsf l;h{gfsf af/]df cfjZos vf]hLgLlt / d"Nofª\sg cfjZos 5 / x'g'k5{ eGg] nfU5 .
o'4nfO{ glhs}af6 cg'e"t u/]/ egf}+ o'4sf] j]ujfg ultdf x]ln+b}, x'“8ln+b} / em6fl/+b} ubf{ n]lvPsf syf;ª\u|x x'g\ Clif/fh a/fnsf] k}o'“ k'mNg yfn]kl5 / sdn lgcf]nsf] …gof“ Oltxf;Ú . To;}n] oL b'O{ ;ª\u|xsf syf o'4sf] ult;+u} k}+7]hf]/L v]Nbfv]Nb} n]lvPsf x'g\ . o'4do ufp“n] kl/j]z, o'4do hLjgz}nL, o'4/t kfq Pjd\ pbfQ ljrf/sf] ;3g k|:t'lt oL ;ª\u|xsf syfdf kfOg' :jfefljs 5 . o'4 cyf{t\ juL{o o'4, g]kfnL ;dfhdf @)%@ ;fnotf pQ/f]Q/ 3gLe"t aGb} u/]sf] o'4 g} of] syfsf] sYo ag]sf] 5 . oxf“ cg]syl/ cf/f]xcj/f]x / åGåsf cg]s afGsL 5g\, o'4sf ltg} afGsLnfO{ k5\ofpg syfsf kfq cft'/ 5g\ . o'4sf] ult / lgod;“u syfsf kfq cEo:t klg 5g\ . u|fdL0f hLjgkl/j]z clg o'4sf] ult;“u} Ps ufp“af6 csf{] ufp“df, Ps 7fp“af6 csf{] 7fp“df, Ps la;f}gLaf6 csf{] la;f}gLdf s'b\g] Pp6f j]ujfg ult 5, ToxL ultsf] h'jfdf syfsf kfq gfl/Psf 5g\ / uGtJo k5\ofPsf 5g\ . Pp6f cgf}7f] tf/tDo 5, ;du| o'4nfO{ syfdf ljGof; ug{] ;Lk 5, syf eGg' s7f]/ o'4sf] snfdTds k|ltlaDag xf] / o'4nfO{ syfdf s'b\g] Pp6f afGsL xf] . k}o'“ k'mNg yfn]kl5 ;ª\u|xleqsf …p;sf] gfd ;ª\u|fdl;+x lyof]Ú, …clUgue{Ú, …e|dfGt M k"mnx?Ú, …k}o'“ k'mNg yfn]kl5Ú, …pT;u{af]wÚ, …p;sf] 8fo/LÚ, …d}n] p;sf] gfd :jl:tsf /flvlbP“Ú cflb o:t} o:t} syf x'g\ . To;}u/L sdn lgcf]nsf] …gof“ Oltxf;Ú ;ª\u|xleqsf …o'4sfnsL cfdfÚ, …gof“ Oltxf;Ú, …hg;]gfsf] cfTdsygÚ, …k|x/L cftª\sÚ, …gf}n]sf] syfÚ, …cftª\s lgoGq0f cleofgÚ klg To:t} syf x'g\ hxf“ b'Zdgsf] cTofrf/;+u} hgtf / hg;]gfsf] jL/tf, ;fx; / ;f}o{sf ufyf ufOPsf 5g\ . oL syfdf cg]syl/ ;d:of 5g\ clg cg]stl/ ;dfwfg 5g\, cg]syl/ ljifok|ª\u 5g\ clg cg]syl/ kfqkfqf 5g\ . cg]s hl6ntfsf aLraf6 kf/ kfpg] cg]s o'lQm 5g\ . ljlw / o'4sf] lgodcg';f/ 36gf 3l6t ePsf 5g\ To;}n] t o'4sfnsL cfdfn] h] ug{'kg{] Tof] u/]sL 5g\ h] ef]Ug'kg{] Tof] ef]u]sL 5g\, pgL ultsf] lgodcg';f/ rn]sL 5g\ .
k'Go sfsL{sf] …dWo/ftdfÚ klg To:t} o'4pT;u{sf] k|ltlaDag ePsf] syf;ª\u|x xf] . ;ª\3if{/t hLjgkl/j]z / tbg's"nsf kfqsf dfWodaf6 kf7snfO{ ;Da]B t'Nofpg] ;Lk sfsL{df b]lvG5 . pgsf] klxnf] syf;ª\u|x …dvdnLÚsf t'ngfdf k|:t't ;ª\u|xsf syfdf syfsyg;DaGwL ;Lkdf gof“kg / kl/is[t ljGof; /x]sf] kfOG5 . …dWo/ftdfÚ ;ª\u|xleqsf …d5nLjfnfÚ, …;f}bfu/Ú, …ofgLdfofÚ, …tk:jL awzfnfdfÚ, …uf]Gb]Ú cflb k|ltlglw oyfy{sf] ;Dos\ lrq0f ug{] ;'Gb/ syf x'g\ . qmflGtsf/L of]4fx? s]s:tf] o'lQm / a'l4n] sfd u5{g\ / b'ZdgnfO{ slt ;lhn} yfª\gfdf ;'tfpg ;S5g\ eGg] ;hLj b[i6fGt …d5nLjfnfÚ syfdf kfpg ;lsG5 . x]bf{ kTofpg} g;lsg] /fdnvg b'?:t d5nLjfnf ag]/ 6f]s/Ldf ugfpg] df5f clg df5fsf] k]6leq lu|g]6 / uf]nL, slt ;/n / ;xh 9ª\un] cfk\mgf] sfd kmQ] u5{ pm . To;f] t qmflGtsf/L g]tf / sfo{stf{sf] 6fpsf] d"No tf]Sg] kmfl;i6 ;Qf;Lgx?sf] r/d lgs[i6tfsf] kbf{kmf; ug{] …;f}bfu/Ú clg qmflGt / qmflGtsf/L of]4fk|lt lgi7fjfg gf/Lsf] ;fx;, o'lQm / ;ts{tf;DaGwL b[i6fGt k|:t't ug{] …ofgLdfofÚ syf klg cf}wL dglrGt] 5g\ .
pko{'lNnlvt syf / syfsf/n] jt{dfg g]kfnL ;dfhsf] oyfy{nfO{ k5\ofpg] r]i6f u/]sf 5g\ / åGå/t g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cjufxg u/]sf 5g\ h'g jt{dfgsf] l;h{glbzf xf] / l;h{g–cfjZostf xf] . g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBdfg juL{o o'4 / o;sf] ;f/j:t'nfO{ pk]Iff u/]/ n]lvg] syfsf] ;ª\ult / cf}lrTo b]lvGg . syfl;h{gfdf ;ª\ult x'G5, o'usf] cfjZostf x'G5 / eljiok|ltsf] r]i6f x'G5 . hxf“ o'usf] 68\sf/f] oyfy{ cyf{t\ jt{dfg g]kfnL ;dfhsf] k|ltlglw oyfy{sf] e|i6Ls/0f x'G5, To;k|lt pbf;Lg algG5 / ljifosf] ;ª\s6df ?dlnP/ lemgfdl;gf ljifok|;ª\udf clNemg k'luG5 Tolta]nf ;dosf] ult / k|jfxnfO{ k5\ofpg ;lsGg . jt{dfg g]kfnL ;dfhsf] k|ltlglw oyfy{ eg]s} bz jif{sf] hgo'4 / @)^@÷)^# ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngåf/f l;lh{t ;+lZni6 :j?k xf], g]kfnL ;dfhn] sf]N6] k]mg{ nfu]sf] tfQftf] ;dokl/j]z Pjd\ ju{;ª\3if{sf] leGg t/ pRrpbfQ :j?k xf] . To;}n] oxL w/ftnLo oyfy{df 6]s]/ g} jt{dfgsf] g]kfnL syf pQ/f]Q/ pmhf{zLn ag]sf] 5 . jt{dfgsf] o; oyfy{nfO{ pk]Iff u/]/ oyfl:yltdf /dfpg] dfq xf]Og g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBdfg juL{o åGå / o;sf] pRr–pbfQ p2]Zok|lt cf“vf lrDn]/ To;sf] e|i6Ls/0f ug{] k|j[lQ klg Ps s'gf–lsQfdf ljBdfg b]lvG5 . k|bLk g]kfn, k|bLk 1jfnL, gf/fo0f 9sfn, k'0o v/]nh:tf s]xL syfsf/x? juL{o åGåsf] pkxf; ug{] tyf To;sf] ;f/j:t'sf] e|i6Ls/0f ug{] lbzftk{m pGd'v /x]sf 5g\ . o;n] pgLx? pQ/f]Q/ j}rfl/s ;ª\s6df km:b} u/]sf] :ki6 ;ª\s]t ldNb5 .
jt{dfgsf] syfn]vg åGå/t g]kfnL ;dfhsf u}+8fuN5]+8faf6 c;Dk[Qm /xg ;Sb}g . ljifoj:t', kfq tyf kl/j]zsf] rogsf] cfwf/e"lt åGå/t g]kfnL ;dfh xf] . åGå;DaGwL k|lqmof / To;n] pk]Iff u/]sf] ;d'Ggt g]kfnL ;dfh–lgdf{0fsf] lbzfaf6 ljd'v x'g' eg]sf] ;dfhljsf;sf] cfwf/e"t k|lqmofaf6 ljd'v x'g' xf] . To;}n] oxL k|lqmofsf cfwf/df jt{dfgsf] syfn]vg cufl8 a9]sf] 5, of] j:t'tut oyfy{ xf] . lgrf]8df eGbf jt{dfgsf] syfdfkm{t\ g]kfnL ;dfhsf cGtlj{/f]wsf] k|:t'lt tLj|?kdf ePsf] 5 / g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ultnfO{ jt{dfgsf] syfn]vgn] cfTd;ft u/]sf] 5 .

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xltof/ Joj:yfkg jf k'g;{+/rgf < style="font-weight: bold;">df}lns ƒ eJo kxnsbdLnfO{ ljZj;fd' ‚ki6 uƒ]sf 5g†„ cu|ufdL klƒjt{g ƒ zflGtsf aLrsf] cljefHo ;DaGwnfO{ bx|f];Fu cfTd;ft uƒ]ƒ g} hgtfn] !@ a'Fb] ;dembfƒLsf] cfwfƒdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] gfƒfdf P]Soa4tf k|bz{g hgfPsf lyP„ g]kfnL hgtfsf] oxL df}lns ƒ eJo kxnnfO{ ;+‚yfut ug]{ ;Gbe{df g} ut cfiff9 @ ut]sf] cf7a'Fb] ;xdlt cufl8 cfof]„ !) jif{sf] hgo'4b]lv !@ a'Fb] ;dembfƒL;Dd ƒ !( lbgsf] hgcfGbf]ngb]lv * a'Fb] ;xdlt;Dd g]kfnsf] ;d‚ofnfO{ g]kfnL cfkm}+n] df}lns 9+un] ;dfwfg ug]{ uf}ƒjzfnL k|lqmofsf] ‚ki6 lrq b]Vg ;lsG5„ clxn] rlnƒx]sf] zflGtjftf{df d'VotM xltofƒ Joj‚yfkgsf] ljifonfO{ lnPƒ ;ft bnleqs} sltko g]tfx?n] g]kfnL hgtf ƒ cfGbf]ngsf] Tof] uf}ƒjzfnL k|lqmofnfO{ s'l07t ƒ ljrlnt t'Nofpg] k|oTg ub}{5g†„ g]kfnsf] cfhsf] k|d'v ƒ hNbf]aNbf] k|Zg dfcf]jfbLsf xltofƒsf] Joj‚yfkg gePƒ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] 9fFrfdf l;+uf] ƒfHo ;+oGqsf] k'g{;+ƒrgf ug'{ƒx]sf] s'ƒfnfO{ ƒfd|f];Fu a'em†g' cfjZos 5„ b]zsf] ;du| ƒfhg}lts cfjZostfåfƒf p7]sf] åGb ƒ xltofƒsf] ;dfwfg ;j{k|yd ƒfhg}lts d'2fnfO{ 7Ls 9+un] ;Daf]wg uƒ]ƒ dfq x'g ;Sb5„ g]kfnsf] cfhsf] 7f]; ;Gbe{df ;fdGtjfbL d"No–dfGotfdf cfwflƒt pTkfbg ;DaGwb]lv pkƒL–;+ƒrgfsf ;a} If]q -h;df d'VotM ;]gf;d]t ƒfHosf] Jofks k'g{;+ƒrgf kb{5_ df klƒjt{g, d'Vo ƒfhg}lts cfjZostf xf]„ oxL d'n d'2fnfO{ cfTd;ft uƒ]ƒ g} afx|a'Fb]b]lv cf7a'Fb];Dd juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo ƒ ln+uLo ;d‚ofsf] ;dfwfgsf] cjd"Nog ug'{ 7"nf] e"n x'g]5„ tƒ lj8Dagf Û cfh sltko bn ƒ g]tfx?n] cfkm†g} ;+sL0f{ ‚jfy{sf sfƒ0f jf sltko j}b]lzs zlQms]Gb|sf] Ozfƒfdf b]z ƒ hgtfsf cufl8 ljBdfg df}lns ƒfhg}lts d'2f l5Gg] k|ZgnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'sf] ;§f lgƒ+s'z ;dfGtLtGqsf lj?4 cljrlnt ;+3if{ ulƒƒx]sf], nf]stflGqs u0ftGqk|lt k|lta4 dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfnfO{ lgz‚q kfg]{ s'ƒfnfO{ k|fyldstfdf ƒflvƒx]sf 5g†„ d'n ƒfhg}lts d'2fnfO{ kG5fPƒ xltofƒ Joj‚yfkgsf] s'ƒf dfq ug'{ oyfy{df b]zdf emg 7"nf] ljikmf]6nfO{ hGd lbg' dfq x'g]5„ ƒfhg}lts d'2fnfO{ ƒfd|f];Fu ;dfwfg g} guƒL xltofƒ dfq Joj‚yfkg ulƒPsf sfƒ0f )& ;fnn] )!& ;fnnfO{ ƒ @)!& ;fnn] )@*, )#^, )$^, )%@ ƒ @)^@ nfO{ hGd lbPsf] P]ltxfl;s oyfy{nfO{ la;{g' cfTd3ftL e"n x'g]5„ clxn] klg Oltxf;b]lv jt{dfg;Dd lgƒ+s'z ;fdGtL k|e" -ƒfhtGq_k|lt jkmfbfƒ ƒlxcfPsf] tyf nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf lj?4 a'6, nf7L ƒ uf]nL a;f{pFb} cfPsf] ;]gfnfO{ j}wflgs ƒ ƒfli6«o ;]gf dfGg] lrGtgn] g]kfnnfO{ )& ;fnltƒ g} kmsf{pg] kZrufdL–lrGtgnfO{ JoQm ub{5„ zflGt ƒ k|ultnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{, gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu pkƒf]Qm k|sfƒsf] kZrufdL–lrGtgsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug'{ clgjfo{ 5„ Oltxf;sf] cfjZostf ƒ kl5Nnf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] k|d'v cfb]z ;+ljwfg;ef ƒ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq ‚yfkgf ug'{ xf]„ hgtfsf] of] k|d'v cfb]zsf k[i7e"lddf o'4ƒt g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ ƒ ;ft ƒfhg}lts bnsf aLrsf] ;dembfƒL Pj+ gfulƒs ;dfh ƒx]sf] oyfy{nfO{ s;}n] klg OGsfƒ ug{ ;Sb}g„ k[i7e"ldsf] of] zlQm ;+of]hgn] ‚jefljs ?kdf cfGbf]ngsf ;a} ;xofqLx?sf] cufl8sf] sbd lxhf]sf lgƒ+s'z k|ltufdL tTj Pj+ ltgsf dltofƒx?nfO{ sfƒjfxL ug'{, pgLx?sf] ;+efljt k|ltƒf]wnfO{ rsgfr'ƒ kfg]{ Joj‚yf ug'{ tyf l56f]eGbf l56f] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg uƒL nf]stflGqs u0ftGq ‚yfkgf ug'{ xf]„ tƒ, …rf]ƒnfO{ rf}tfƒf], ;fw'nfO{ ;'nLÚ eg] em}+ clxn] ;ft bns} sltko dGqLx?, ;+ljwfg;ef ƒ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf nflu n8†g] hgtfsf dxfg† of]4fx?nfO{ lgz‚q kfg]{ tyf bdgsfƒL ;]gfnfO{ ƒfli6«o ;]gfsf] bhf{ lbg] s;ƒt ulƒƒx]sf 5g†„ ljlw ƒ ljrfƒsf b'a} b[li6n] To;k|sfƒsf] s;ƒt hgtfk|lt ljZjf;3ft l;jfo c? x'g ;Sb}g„ lglZrt b]z, sfn ƒ klƒl‚yltdf o'4sf] ljsf;sf lglZrt j‚t'ut ƒ cfTdut sfƒ0f x'g] ub{5g†„ kmƒs kmƒs b]z, sfn ƒ klƒl‚yltsf pkhsf ?kdf cufl8 cfpg] o'4sf] ;dfwfg klg ‚jefj}n] kmƒs kmƒs 9+un] dfq x'g ;Sb5„ g]kfnL hgo'4, !@ a'Fb] ;dembfƒL, * a'Fb] ;xdltsf cfkm†g} df}lns ljlzi6tfx? 5g†„ olb oL ljlzi6tfx?nfO{ j]jf‚tf uƒ]ƒ leGg b]z, sfn ƒ klƒl‚yltdf k|of]u ulƒPsf zflGtsf df]8]nx?nfO{ oflGqs 9+un] g]kfndf nfu' ug{ vf]lhof] eg] To;n] ;d‚ofsf] ;dfwfg gug]{ dfq xf]Og, emg ljsƒfn ;d‚ofnfO{ hGd lbg ;Sb5„ g]kfnL hgtfsf] zflGt ƒ klƒjt{gsf] cfsf+Iff !@ a'Fb] ƒ * a'Fb]df JoQm ulƒPsf] 5„ b'a} ;dembfƒL ƒ ;xdltsf] ;fƒ eg]sf] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ƒfHosf] k'g{;+ƒrgf;Fu} ;}Goansf] klg k'g{;+ƒrgf ug'{ xf]„ ƒfHosf] k'g{;+ƒrgfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;+af]wg guƒL ;}Goansf] k'g{;+ƒrgf x'g ;Sb}g ƒ ;}Goansf] k'g{;+ƒrgfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;+af]wg guƒ] xltofƒsf] c;nL Joj‚yfkg x'g ;Sb}g„ ctM ƒfhg}lts b[li6n] ƒfHosf] ƒ kmf}hL b[li6n] ;}Go ansf] k'g{;+ƒrgf k|d'v s'ƒf x'g† ƒ oL b'j} Ps csf{df cleGg ?kn] ufFl;Psf 5g†„ ƒfHosf] ƒ ;}Goansf] k'g{;+ƒrgfsf] d'n k|ZgnfO{ yfltƒfv]ƒ xltofƒ Joj‚yfkgsf] s'ƒf ug'{ lgƒy{s dfq gePƒ k|To'Tkfbs klg x'g]5„ g]kfndf ha ;}Goansf] s'ƒf cfpF5, ta nf]stGqk|lt yf]ƒ} klg cf‚yf ƒfVg] g]kfnLn] ;lhn} a'em†b5 ls Tof] b]zsf] k|d'v ;d‚of ;fdGtL ƒfhf ƒ lgƒ+s'z ƒfhtGqk|lt jkmfbfƒ ƒxL cfPsf] k'ƒfgf] ;]gfsf] nf]stGqLsƒ0fsf] xf]„ ;fdfGotM ;of}+ jif{b]lv ƒ ljz]iftM )& ;fn jlƒklƒaf6 g]kfnL hgtfsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf lj?4 v8f x'Fb} cfPsf] ;}Goansf] nf]stGqLsƒ0fsf nflu To;sf] g]t[Tj k+lQmnfO{ ;d'lrt sfƒjfxL ug'{ tyf afFsL lx‚;fnfO{ b]z, hgtf ƒ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] lxtk|lt jkmfbfƒ ƒxg] uƒL k'g{ul7t ƒ k|lzlIft ug'{ clgjfo{ 5„ k'ƒfgf] ;]gfsf] nf]stGqLsƒ0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ 7Ls 9+un] cufl8 a9fpg hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] pkl‚ylt ƒ To;sf] ;xL ;+rfngn] dxTjk"0f{ ;sfƒfTds of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;Sb5„ Pssf] Joj;flos bIftf ƒ csf{sf] nf]stflGqs bIftfsf aLrdf ;xL cGtƒlqmof ƒ ;f+u7lgs Joj‚yfkg uƒ]ƒ g} g]kfndf r'‚t b'?‚t gofF ƒfli6«o ;]gfsf] ljsf; x'g ;Sb5„ lgZro g} of] sfo{ Tolt ;xh gePƒ lgs} r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5„ tƒ hlt;'s} r'gf}ltk"0f{ eP klg b]z ƒ hgtfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtsf lgldQ cfjZos ƒ ;+ej 5„ !@ a'Fb] ;dembfƒL ƒ * a'Fb] ;xdltsf] d"n dd{ tyf cfd g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfsf+Iffsf] d"n dd{ oxL xf] eGg] s'ƒf sbflk la;{g' x'Fb}g„ oxfF xfdL s'g s'ƒfdf ljz]if ?kn] ‚ki6 aGg h?ƒL 5 eg] clk|msf ƒ ljZjsf cGo sltko b]zsf kmƒs cg'ejsf cfwfƒdf ;+o'Qm ƒfi6«;+3n] ljsf; uƒ]sf] 8L8Lcf/ -l8:cfld{ª, l8df]lanfOh];g / l/OlG6«u];g_sf] df]8]n g]kfndf nfu' x'g ;Sb}g„ g]kfnsf] df}lns ljz]iftfdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] lbzfdf ;}Go ansf] k'g{;+ƒrgf ug]{ gofF df]8]nsf] ljsf; clgjfo{ 5„ ;+o'Qm ƒfi6«;+3nufot g]kfndf zflGt ƒ l‚yƒtf rfxg] k|To]sn] of] s'ƒf a'em†g cfjZos 5 ls g]kfndf 8L8Lcf/n] xf]Og, ;}Goansf] k'g{;+ƒrgfn] dfq ;d‚of ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb5„ xltofƒ Joj‚yfkg ;}Goansf] k'g{;+ƒrgfdfly ƒ ;}Go ansf] k'g{;+ƒrgf ƒfHosf] k'g;{+ƒrgfdfly lge{ƒ ƒxg] P]ltxfl;s oyfy{nfO{ a'em†g g;Sg]n] g]kfndf zflGt ‚yfkgfdf of]ubfg klg ug{ ;Sb}g„ of] ;du| k|lqmofsf] ;xL ljsf; ƒ cjtƒ0fsf nflu ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg;Dd b'a} ;]gfnfO{ t6‚y ƒfVg] s'ƒfsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{ tyf lgjf{rgkZrft\ To;sf] klƒ0ffdsf] dd{ ƒ efjgfcg';fƒ gofF ƒfli6«o ;]gfsf] k'g{u7g ug'{ cfjZos 5„ ;+o'Qm ƒfi6«;+3n] of] k|lqmofdf k'¥ofpg] ;xof]un] dfq dxŒjk"0f{ cy{ ƒfVb5.

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s= l;h{gf hg;]gfsf] lhDd]jf/ kbdf sfo{/t x'g'x'G5 . hgd'lQm ;]gf bf];|f] l8lehgcGtu{tsf] Ps j6flnogsf] sld;f/sf] ?kdf sfo{/t s=l;h{gf;+u dlxnf d'lQm / hg;]gfdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfaf/] ul/Psf] 5f]6f] s'/fsfgL oxf“ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5–
tkfO{ clxn] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] j6flnog sld;f/ h:tf] lhDd]jf/ txdf x'g'x'G5 . dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] ljut, jt{dfg / eljionfO{ lgofNbf tkfO{ s:tf] b]Vg' x'G5 <
g]kfndf dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;nfO{ lgofNbf ljut b]lv g} 7"nf cfGbf]ngx?df dlxnfx?sf] ;fxl;s / jL/tfdo of]ubfg /x]sf] kfOG5 . gfnfkfgLsf] n8fO{df xf]; cyjf @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;dodf xf];\ dlxnfx?n] jL/tfk"0f{ Oltxf; sfod u/]sf 5g\ . cfGbf]ngn] jt{dfgnfO{ lgofNbf ljz]if u/]/ @)%@ ;fnsf] hgo'4sf] yfngL;+u} hgo'4df dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf / dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ngn] gof“ p“rfOdf km8\sf] df/]sf] 5 . juL{o d'lQm ljgf dlxnf d'lQm klg ;+ej gx'g] x'“bf eljionfO{ lgofNbf juL{o d'lQm;+u} dlxnf d'lQm ;+ej 5 eGg] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf 5}g .
Oltxf;df x]bf{ ;}Go km/d]zgdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf cToGt} sd kfOG5 t/ hgd'lQm ;]gfleq x]g]{ xf] eg] $) k|ltzt eGbf j9L dlxnf ;]gfx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 . cj jGg] ;/sf/n] dlxnf ;]gfx?nfO{ s:tf] Joj:yf ug'{ k5{ h:tf] nfU5 tkfOnfO{ <
g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df x]bf{ juL{o d'lQmsf] lglDt ;}Go ;+u7gdf dlxnfx?s]f ;xeflutf Oltxf;d} klxnf] xf] . h;sf] ;fdGtjfbL ;Qfn] dlxnfx?nfO{ bf];|f] bhf{sf] gful/ssf] ?kdf kl/eflift ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . clxn] hgd'lQm ;]gfdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf / e"ldsfn] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ ultnf] emfk8 lbPs]f 5 . ca cfof] ca aGg] ;/sf/sf] s'/f o;df dnfO{ s] nfU5 eg] bz jif{sf] hgo'4sf] bf}/fgdf dlxnfx? hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] km/d]zgdf /x]/ ljleGg txdf cfÎgf] lhDd]jf/L / e"ldsf k"/f ul//x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] ca aGg] ;/sf/n] ;dfg clwsf/;lxt dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/LnfO{ plrt :yfgsf] Uof/]G6L ug'{k5{ .
of] t eof] ;}Go kmd]{zgleq /x]sf] dlxnfx?sf] af/]df ca cfd pTkLl8t dlxnfx?sf] gof“ ;/sf/n] s;/L k|ltlglwTj ug'{k5{ <
nfdf] ;dob]lv /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f“:s[lts / wfld{s ?kdf pTkL8gdf kb}{ cfPsf] dlxnf ;d'bfonfO{ k|lt:kwf{df k'Ugsf] nflu ;a} pTkLl8t dlxnf hfltx?nfO{ ljz]ifflwsf/;lxt /fHo;Qfsf] ;j} c+udf %)% k|ltlglwŒjsf] Uof/]G6L ug'{k5{ .
tkfO{ bf];|f] l8lehgsf] dlxnf ljefu k|d'v klg ePsf] x}l;otn] hgd'lQm ;]gfleq /x]sf dlxnfx?sf] ;d:ofx? s]–s] eGg ;Sg'x'G5 <
;dfhdf pTkLl8t / ckx]lnt ;d'bfosf] ?kdf lrlgg] dlxnf ju{ juL{o / lnlËo pTkL8gsf] aLraf6 hgo'4sf] v'Nnf cfsfzdf cfPsf 5g\ . ;+VofTds?kdf x]g]{ xf] eg] hgd'lQm ;]gfdf dlxnf ;xeflutf $) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . lhDd]jf/L / x}l;otsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] klg bf];|f] l8lehgdf j6flnog sld;f/ / j6flnog sdf08/;Ddsf] txdf dlxnfx?sf] lhDd]jf/L 5 . To;}n] dnfO{ s] nfU5 eg] :jefljs?kdf zf/Ll/s agfj6sf] lx;fan] klg dlxnf / k'?ifdf leGg 5 . /, zf/Ll/s?kdf s]xL dlxnfx?df cln a9L ;d:of b]lvG5 h:tf} dlxgfjf/L cflb sf/0fn] ubf{ lkmN8df lg/Gt/ v6\g ufx|f] k/sf] x'G5 . t/ /fhg}lts / j}rfl/s?kdf ;d:of 5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . zf/Ll/s c:j:ytfsf sf/0f sltko dlxnf sd/]8x? ;}Go km/d]zgdf sfd ug]{ OR5f x'“bf x'b} klg lg:sg'kg]{ l:ylt b]lvG5 . k|d'v s'/f cfk"mdf cfTdljZjf; / lhDd]jf/Lk|lt ulDe/tfjf]w g} ljsf;sf] Bf]ts xf] .
clxn] cfd hgd'lQm ;]gf ;fy} dlxnf ;]gfx?n] s;/L ;do latfpg] u/]sf 5g\ <
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] lgod / cg'zf;gleq /x]/ b}lgs sfo{tflnsfcg';f/ /fhg}lts j}rfl/s sfdnufot abln+bf] /fhg}lts 36gf kl/j]z;+u} ljsf; lgdf{0f, hg;DaGw, hg>d, hgtf;+u cGt/3'ng / 5nkmn ub}{ lglZrt /fhg}lts p2]Zo k|fKt ug]{ sfo{df hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] e"ldsf / bfloTjnfO{ hgtfsf] dfemdf k'¥ofPsf 5f}+ .
hg;/sf/n] klg ;dfg'kflts?kdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj gu/]sf] jf ;dfg clwsf/ glbPsf] eGg] l56k'm6 c;Gt'li6x? ;'Gg kfOG5 lg <
hg;/sf/df ;dfg'kflts?kdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj kof{Kt dfqfdf 5 . ;Qfsf] If]qdf klg lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v;Dd dlxnfx? k'u]sf 5g\ . ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / ;dfgclwsf/ eGg] s'/f s;}sf] bof / dfofaf6 k|fKt x'g]eGbf klg ;+3if{af6 k|fKt ug'{k5{ / Tof] jftfj/0f / :yfg gof“ hg;/sf/df dlxnfx?n] kfPsf 5g\ . o;nfO{ ;xL 7fp“df ;b'kof]u ul/of] eg] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / ;dfgclwsf/ 6f9fsf] s'/f xf]Og .
cfd pTkLl8t dlxnfx?nfO{ tkfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Ps lhDd]jf/ ePsf] x}l;otn] s] ;Gb]z lbg rfxg'x'G5 <
dlxnfx? klg Ps /ysf b'O{ kf+u|f x'g To;}n] dfgj ;dfhnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg / ;Eo ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ k'?ifx?sf] hlt e"ldsf 5 dlxnfx?sf] klg TolQs} e"ldsf 5 . dlxnfx?sf] pTkL8gsf] h/f] eg]s} k'/fgf] ;Qf xf] . To;}n] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ ;d"n gi6 u/L gof“ / ;Eo ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{sf] lglDt cfd pTkLl8t dlxnfx? clwsf/ dfu]/ xf]Og vf];]/ Nofpg' k5{ eGg] s'/fdf :ki6 x'g' h?/L 5 . To;sf] lglDt juL{o tyf lnËLo d'lQmsf] Ps dfq af6f] dxfg\\ hgo'4df ;xefuL eO{ cf–cfÎgf] If]qaf6 ;+3if{ ug{ cfx\jfg ub{5' .
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elgG5 kz'k+IfLnfO{ klg t8kfO{ t8kfO{ dfg'{ x'Gg, lk+h8fdf y'Gg' x'Gg, kz'k+IfLsf clwsf/sf] ;'/Iff ul/g' k5{ eg]/ uf]i7L, 5nkmn ePsf va/x? klqsfdf k9\g kfOG5g\ . o:tf s'/fsf] k|rf/ t cem ;fdGtL P+jd k"“hLjfbLx?4f/f g} a9L u/]sf] ;'lgG5 . lsgeg] zf]ifs, ;fdGt / k"“hLjfbLx? cfkm\gf] ;Qf u'Dnf ls eg]/ ;w}+ 8/ / qf;df a:bf /x]5g . oL ;a}eGbf sf“t/ x'“bf/x]5g . To;}n] logLx? :jefj}n] qm'/ / xTof/f x'“bf/x]5g\ . csf{nfO{ ;tfpg / t8kfpg kfPkl5 lognfO{ cfgGb cfpFbf] /x]5 . lx6n/ sf“t/ lyP, To;}n] p ;aeGbf a9L qm'/ eof] . cfh g]kfndf 1fg]Gb| To:t} csf]{ sf“t/ ;fljt ePsf] 5 . hf] xhf/f}+ g]kfnLsf] xTofdf /dfPsf] 5 . h;n] xhf/f}+ g]kfnLnfO{ a]kQf agfPsf] 5 . lo a]kQf agfOPsf] kl/jf/sf] kL8fdf 1fg]Gb|nfO{ cfgGb cfPsf] 5 . of] sfo{df 1fg]Gb|nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ :jb]zL u'08fx? / ljb]zL s's'/x?nfO{ s'g} kZrftfk ePg . a? logLx? ef]het]/df /dfP . xfdL g]kfnLsf] of] kL8f oL hNnfbx?sf] nflu cfgGb eof] . c?sf 5f]/f5f]/L a]kQf kfg]{ ;]gfsf] gfOs] cfk\mgf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] lax]df xfdL g]kfnLn] g} lt/]sf] s/af6 s/f]8f}+ vr{ u/]/ ef]het]/ u5{ . xfd|f kl/jf/x? dfg]{, oftgf lbg], a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{df ;]gf nufpg] 1fg]Gb| xfdL g]kfnLsf] kl;gfaf6 ag]sf] b/af/df a:b} cfPsf] 5, /dfpb} cfPsf] 5 .
jf:tjdf cfk\mgf 5f]/f5f]/L, afa'cfdf, nf]Ug]:jf:gL, kl/jf/nfO{ cfkm\g} cufl8 kqmfp u/L olt nfdf] ;do;Dd d/] af“r]sf] s'g} yfxf glbO{ rsf]{ oftgfdf /fv]sf] x'g;Sg] cg'e"lt kl/jf/nfO{ lbO{ a]kQf kf/]sf]af6 xfdL cfdfafa', nf]Ug]:jf:gL Pj+ kl/jf/nfO{ ;fx|} 7'nf] kL8f eO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] kL8f c?sf] b]v]/ / ;'g]/ cg'dfg ug{ ;lsGg . k|ToIf ef]ufOaf6 dfq o;sf] jf:tljs cg'e"lt ug{ ;lsG5 . oqf] nfdf] ;do;Ddsf] kL8f xfdL xfd|f kl/jf/ ef]Ug afWo 5f}+ . ;~rf], la;~rf], hf8f], udL{, ef]s, Kof;, kL8f, oftgf log};+u a]kQf kfl/Psf xfd|f kl/jf/x? x/kn h'lem/x]sf xf]nfg\ . ;w}+ xfd|f] lbdfudf oxL 3'ld/xG5 . of] kL8f xfdLn] oBlk ef]lu/x]sf 5f}+ . yfxf 5}g slxn];Dd ef]lu/xG5f}+ . slyt ;+;bLo zf;gdf of] kL8fsf] z'?jft eof] . k|ToIf kL8s kfq log} ;ft bndWo]sf sfu|]+; / Pdfn]sf zLif{ g]tf lyP . cfh log} km]l/ ;Qfdf 5g . xfd|f] kL8fn] logsf] lbdfunfO{ /lQe/ 5f]Psf] b]lvb}+g .
ca xfdL r'k nflu a:b}gf}+ . xfdL ;lxb kl/jf/ a]kQf agfOPsf gful/ssf kl/jf/, 3fO{t] ;a} xfdL Ps ePsf 5f}+ . xfd|f] ;fy lbg] s/f]8f}+ g]kfnL hgtf 5g\ . To;}n] xfdLnfO{ lbOPsf] of] kL8fsf] abnf lng xfdL cl3 a9]sf 5f}+ . b]ze/sf xfdLx? ;+ul7t x''“b}5f} .
ebf} !* ut] a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/ssf kl/jf/ ;dfhsf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng x'“b}5 . d"n?kdf o;n] a]kQf agfOPsfsf] ;fj{hlgs ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{df ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ g}lts bafa lbg]] sfd ug]{5 . a]kQf kfg]{x? nfO{ lrGb} lognfO{ ;dfhdf g+Uofpg] sfd ug]{5 . cGt/f{li6«o :t/df klg oL a]kQf kfg]{ zf;sx?sf] r]x/f pbfËf] kfb}{ bl08t ug]{5 . g]kfnL hgtfdf Gofo / ;dfgtfsf] s'/fdf Pstf sfod ub}{ cGofoL / cTofrf/L zf;ssf lj?4df ljb|f]x ug]{ u/fpg] sfd ug]{5 eGg] s'/fdf xfdL a]kQf gful/s kl/jf/ ljZj:t 5f} .
o;} l;nl;nfdf xfdL a]kQf gful/ssf kl/jf/ ;dfh b]zJofkL?kdf o:tf l/jf/;+u e]63f6 5nkmn ub}{ lx+8\of} . ;a}sf] kL8f Pp6} 5 , p:t} 5 . ;a}sf] k|lta4tf klg Pp6} 5 ls xfd|f] kl/jf/ ;b:onfO{ a]kQf agfpg] hNnfbnfO{ plrt b08 lbg}k5{ . gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug{}k5{ . tfls cfp“bf lbgdf sf]xL klg gdfl/of];\, a]kQf gagfOof];\, o:tf] kL8f sf]xL s;}n] v]Kg' gk/f];\ .
cfp“bf] ;Dd]ngdf log} s'/fx?df 5nkmn x'g]5 . sfo{qmd to ul/g]5g\ . sfof{Gjogdf nfUg] 5f} . cfpbfF lbgdf gful/s a]kQf kfg]{ /fi6« g]kfn klxnf] gxf]cf];\ . a? ljZjdf Gofosf] kIfdf n8\g] tfgtzfx zf;s lj?4df ljb|f]x ug]{ axfb'/ g]kfnLx?sf] b]z agf];\ . zflGt / d'lQm rfxg] g]kfnL b]z agf];\ . xfdL oxL rfxG5f} . a]kQf kfl/Psf xfd|f kl/jf/sf] rfxgf klg oxL xf] .
g]kfnL hgtf oxfFsf zf;sx?af6 zf]lift Pj+ pTkLl8t 5g\ . /f0ffx?n] g]kfnLnfO{ jiff}{ ;tfP . ;fdGtjfbL /fHo;Qfsf] gfOs] /fhfn] klg o;}u/L ;tfof] . /fhf @!;f} ztfAbLsf] lx6n/ ;fljt eof] . k~rfotL zf;gsfndf y'k|} g]kfnLsf] xTof u¥of], y'k|}nfO{ a]kQf agfof], b]znfO{ s+ufn kf¥of] . cfk"m s'Voft wgL eof] . x'“bfx'“bf cfk\mg} efOaGw' df/]/ cfk"m /fhf x'g k'Uof] 1fg]Gb| . y'k|} g]kfnLx?sf] xTof u¥of], y'k|}nfO{ ckfË agfof] / a]kQf kf¥of] . o:tf] q"m/ / lx6n/L /fhfnfO{ cem} klg /fVg'k5{ eGg] /fhgLlts kf6L{x? klg b]vfk/] ljb]zLx? klg b]vf k/], of] la8Dagfsf] s'/f] xf] . o:tf /fhgLlts kf6L{ / ljb]zLx?n] klg xTofsf], a]kQf kf/]sf] ckh; lng}k5{ .
;+;f/df w]/} ljsf; eof] /], dflg; ;Eo x“'b} uPsf] 5g\ /] t/ xfdL g]kfnL hxfFsf ToxL+ 5f} . c“Wof/f]df lwklwk] aQL xfd|f] nflu lah'nL aQL ePsf] 5 . xfdL To;}df a;]sf 5f} . ef}lts ;'ljwf s] xf] yfx} 5}g . pN6} oxf“sf zf;sx?n] qmflGt / Gofosf] s'/f u5{;\ eGb} d'v y'Gg] sfd u/] . ljb|f]xsf d'L prfN5;\ eGb} xfd|f xft sf6\g yfn] . of] cTofrf/, of] cGofo xfd|f] nflu ;xg x'g ;Sb}g . xfdL of] ;fdfGtL ;Qf / o;sf] gfOs] /fhfsf] k"0f{ cGTo rfxG5f} . g]kfnL hgtfsf] zf;g g]kfnL hgtf cfkm}+n] ug{ kfpg'k5{ ta dfq xfd|f ;Gtfgn] a]kQf x'g'kg]{ 5}g .
jf:tljs g]kfnL sf] xf] lrGg] df}sf klg oxL xf] . cfh Pp6f g]kfnLnfO{ k/]sf] kL8f ;a} g]kfnLsf] xf] eGg] a'em\g h?/L 5 . d]rL b'Vof] eg] sfnL b'Vg'k5{ lxdfn t/fO{ ;a}nfO{ b'Vg'k5{ . To;}n] ;fdfGtL q"m/ /fhfsf] lj?4, /fhfsf cf;]kf;] lj?4 /fhfnfO{ a}zfvL 6]sf] nfOlbg] ljb]zL zlQm lj?4 xfdL g]kfnL hgtf Ps xf} Pp6} d'Ssf agf}+ / k|xf/ u¥of} b'ZdgnfO{ . of] d/gf;Gg zf;g Wj+z x'g]5 . clgdfq g]kfndf gofF laxfgLsf] z'?jft x'g]5 . gf}nf] g]kfn x'g]5 . :jledfgL xfdL g]kfnL x'g]5f}+ . xfdL g]kfnLsf] hLjg ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]G6L x'g]5 . b]z ef}lts ljsf;df klg cl3 a9\b} hfg]5 . ;fdGt Pj+ zf]ifs ju{sf] cGTo klg x'“b}hfg]5 . Gofok|]dL ;j{xf/f ju{sf] hLt x'“b} hfg]5 . lg/Gt/ qmflGt eO/xg]5 . cGttM Gofok"0f{ ;d'Ggt ;dfhsf] :yfkgf x'g]5 . zflGt / ljsf; dfG5] dfG5]df k|]d xfdLnfO{ rflxPsf] o:t} ;dfh xf] . a]kQf xfd|f kl/jf/sf] rfxgf klg o:t} xf] .
-n]vs– rf/ jif{b]lv /fHoåf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf ljBfyL{ g]tf ljlkg e08f/LsL cfdf x'g'x'G5 ._
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nfn;nfd u0ftGq g]kfnnfO{
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cfh g]kfndf /fhtGqn] ubf{ d'n's slt lk5l8Psf] 5, slt lrGtfhgs 5, b]zsf] cj:yf ;'Gb/ / ;d[4 g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] nflu dWoo'uLg /fhtGqnfO{ cGTo u/L u0ftGq :yfkgf ug'{ b]zsf] nflu ;a} eGbf pQd xf] eg]/ snfsf/x? uLtaf6 o;/L k:sG5g\–
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jt{dfg g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] clxn]sf] d"n Ph]08f eg]sf] lg;t{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdfkm{t\ /fhg}lts lgsf; lbg' xf] . clxn] d'n'snfO{ ToxL /fhg}lts lgsf; lbg'sf] ;f6f] ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts bnx? lemgf dl;gf ljsf; lgdf{0fdf clNemP/ d"n /fhg}lts lgsf;nfO{ kl5 kfg]{ ul//x]5g\\ . b]zsf lhDd]jf/ k|wfgdGqL tyf ;+;bjfbL bnsf 7"nf g]tf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfx?n] slxn] /fhfnfO{ ;]/]df]lgon agfpg' k5{ eG5g\ slxn] /fhfnfO{ klg :yfg -:k]z_ lbg'k5{ eg]/ leqleq} plx lg/+s'z /fhfsf] s'/f rkfP/ zflGtjftf{nfO{ vNjNofpg] v]n v]Nb}5g\ eGb} snfsf/x?n] hgtfnfO{ ;r]t x'g uLtaf6 o;/L cfu|x ub{5g\M–
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P]ltxfl;s !( lbg] hgcfGbf]ngdf cfGbf]ngsf/L hgtfx?n] slyt ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfsf] dfu slxNo} nufPsf lyPgg\ . cfGbf]ngsf/L hgtfn] /fhf / /fhtGqnfO{ ;bfsf] lglDt d;fg3f6df nu]/ bfxf;+:sf/ u/L ;d[4 / ;'Gb/ u0ftGq g]kfn :yfkgf ug{ rfx]sf lyP . u0ftGq g]kfnsf] rfxgfdfly ;+;bjfbL bnx?n] /fhfaf6 ;+;b k'g:yf{kgf x'g] lalQs} cfGbf]ngnfO{ wf]sf lbP . /fhf / /fhtGq /fVg] !( lbg] hgcfGbf]ng ePsf] lyPg eg]/ k|lt/f]wsf snfsdL{x?n] ;+;bjfbL bnx?nfO{ uLtaf6 o;/L k|Zg ub{5g\–
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/fhf /fVg] cfGbf]ng ef xf] / < ;+;b leq pNn' slt 5g\ 1fg] zfxLnfO{ arfpg] eGb}5g\ hgtfn] s] ;f]lr/x]sf lyP, s] cfzf u/]sf lyP t/ ;a} tL hgtfsf rfxgf / cfzfx? ;ft /fhg}lts bnsf] clxn]sf] cToGt} l9nf;':tL sfd k|lqmof, ;Qfdf]xn] qmdzM db{} uPsf] 5 . ;ft bnx?sf] u'6ut / lghL :jfy{n] ca b]zdf s] x'g] xf] t eGg] lrGtf klg ;j{q /x]sf] snfsf/x? b]p8f uLtaf6 o;/L k|jfx u5{g\– /fhtGq 9fNof nf} /fhtGq 9fNof lq;f7L ;fn xfd|f g]kfn lkkn'kft nf} lkkn' kft ;ft bnsf] eof] gL j}/fuL tfn k|lt/f]w kl/jf/sf snfsf/x?n] sfo{qmdx?df efjgf / lrGtf dfq hfx]/ u/]gg\ . b]z / hgtfsf] lglDt lbg/ft hgtfsf] aLrdf 8l6/x]sf] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] lgM:jfy{ efjgf / ;r]t kxnsbdLdf ax';+Vos >dhLjL g]kfnL hgtfsf] hLt x'g] 5 clg cGwsf/ /ftaf6 pbfpg] 5 ;'gf}nf] laxfg / aGg]5 ul/a ;/sf/ eGb} snfsf/x? cf;Gg gof“ / ;d[4 g]kfnsf] cfzfjfbLtf o;/L uLtaf6 k|:t't ub{5g\–
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cem sfo{qmdsf] pTs[i6tf t sxf“ a9L emlNsGYof] eg] snfsf/x?n] Ps bzs hgo'4sf] jf:tljs t:jL/ æqmflGt cfdfÆ gfds ck]/f b]vfp“bf sfo{qmddf ;xefuL k|foM bz{sx?sf] cf“vfaf6 cf“z' eml//x]sf x'Gy] eg] s;}sf cf“vfdf cf“z' 6lNk/x]sf] x'GYof] . h'g æqmflGt cfdfÆ gfds ck]/fdf lbbLalxgLsf] /f]ndf k|lt/f]wsf snfsf/x?n] eLif0f hgo'4sf] qmddf Pp6f qmflGtsf/L 3/ kl/jf/sf] syfnfO{ ;d]6]/ agfOPsf] lyof] . Gofok"0f{ qmflGt / o'4df b'Zdgn] lgz:q?kn] cfkm\gf] afafsf] xTof u5{ / lbbL e"ldut x'G5g\ kl5 cfdfsf] klg b'Zdgn] xTof ul/lbG5, cfdfsf] xTofsf] af/]df e"ldut ePsL lbbLnfO{ yfxf x'“b}g kl5 alxgLaf6 hfgsf/L x'G5, lbbL / alxgLn] u/]sf] clegon] ;a} bz{sx?sf] efjgfnfO{ 5'Psf] x'G5, æqmflGt cfdfÆ gfds ck]/faf6 . qmflGt cfdf gfds ck]/f uLtsf] Pp6f c+z o:tf] lyof]–
ufp“3/sf] va/ s] eGg' lbbL tL b'i6 k;]/
nu]gL lbbL cfdfsf] klg Tof] sfv vf];]/
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;du|df eGbf k|lt/f]w kl/jf/sf snfsf/x?sf] k|:t'lt qmflGtsf/L efjgf / dfn]dfjfbL / k|r08kyLo ljrf/sf] plrt ;dfof]hgaf6 ePsf] k|i6 emNsGYof] . s'g}a]nf x;fpg] s'g} a]nf ?jfpg ;Sg] snfsf/x?sf] k|:t'lt ;a} s'/fdf 7Ls x'“bfx“'b} klg cem} uLtsf zAbx? k|i6 a'lemg] u/L ufossf/af6 ufpg] z}nLdf cem} s]xL ;Rrfpg kg]{ b]lvP ;fy} cfd hgtfx?sf] hglha|f]df l5§} e'ml08g] vfnsf nf]slk|o qmflGtsf/L uLtsf] klg vf“rf] b]lvP . lgrf]8df eGbf pbLodfg nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] efj / ljrf/nfO{ æu0ftflGqs ;“:s[ltsf lglDt ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmdÆdfkm{t\ k|lt/f]w kl/jf/n] gof“ g]kfnsf] u0ftflGqs ;Gb]z ;“:s[ltsf ?kdf k|jfx ug{ of] cleofg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .

nIodf k'Ug s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g

-ltns kl/of/ ;+u lnOPsf] cGt{jftf{_
kl5Nnf] r/0fdf tkfO{+n] u/]sf] b]ZJofkL e|d0fsf] cg'ej / pknlAw s]–s] x'g\ < kl5Nnf] r/0fdf xfdLn] k"j{ d]rL / klZrd dxfsfnL;Dd j}rfl/s / /fhgLlts k|lzIf0fsf] cleofg u/]sf lyof}+ . of] cleofg ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . of] cleofg z'? ug'{sf] d'Vo p2]Zo j}rfl/s ?kn] a|fXd0fjfbL ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] pGd"ng / /fhg}lts ?kn] lxGb" ;fdGtL /fhtGqnfO{ Wj:t gkf/];Dd blntx?sf] d'lQm ;+ej x'Fb}g eGg] xf] . o;sf nflu j}1flgs g]t[Tjsf] cxd\ e"ldsf /xG5 . d'n'sleq &%j6f lhNnfdf /fhg}lts–j}rfl/s k|lzIf0f cfof]hgf ug]{ s'/f ut c;f/ dlxgfd} xfdLn] to u/]sf lyof}+ . k|lzIf0fsf] z'?jft c;f/ #! ut] EofnLaf6} u¥of}+ . ;fpgsf] ( / !) ut] hgsk'/–;u/dfyf, !@ / !# ut] d]rL–sf]zL, !(, @) / @! ut] u08s–/fKtL, @$, @% / @^ ut] e]/L–s0ff{nL / ;]tL–dxfsfnLsf ;+o'Qm k|lzIf0fx? ;DkGg u/]sf 5f}+ . blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ nIodf k'Ugaf6 s'g} a|fXd0fjfbLx?n] /f]Sg ;Sb}gg\ . xfn} lgdf{0f ePsf] u0ftflGqs blnt df]rf{ of] cleofgsf] pknlAw jf o; k5fl8sf] /fhg}lts pknlAw xf] < style="font-weight: normal;">ljBfyL{x?åf/f lhNnf lzIff sfof{no 3]/fp
;Nofg÷;Nofgsf k|:tfljt dflj / lgdfljsf ljBfyL{, lzIfs / cljefjsx?n] ljleGg dfu /fvL ebf} * ut] lhNnf lzIff sfof{no 3]/fp u/]sf 5g\ .
lbp;f] ! ah] afndlGb/af6 z'? ePsf] bjfj h'n';n] vn+uf ahf/ kl/qmdf u/L lzIff sfof{no 3]/fp u/]sf] lyof] .
cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ ;Nofgsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf sl/j b'O{ bh{g k|:tfljt ljBfnox?af6 ljBfyL{;lxt lzIfs / cljefjsx? ;xefuL ePsf lyP .
sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ljBfyL{x?n] k|:tfljt ljBfnox?nfO{ :yfoL :jLs[lt k|bfg ug'{kg]{ / ljifout lzIfssf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ dfu ub}{ sfof{no kl/;/df 306f};Dd rsf{ gf/fafhL u/]sf lyP .
3]/fp sfo{qmd;+u} c–cfk\mgf] ljBfnosf] k|ltlglwŒj ub}{ lzIfs ljBfyL{ / cljefjsx?n] lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodf dfukq k]z u/]sf lyP eg] klxn] k]z ul/Psf dfu kqx?k|lt Af]jf:tf u/]sf] eGb} tL dfux?k|lt lzIff sfof{nosf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_n] :d/0fkq k]z u/]sf] lyof] .
xhf/f} ljBfyL{x?n] cfk\mgf] z}lIfs clwsf/sf] dfu ub}{ lzIff sfof{no cufl8 ;zQm cfjfh a'nGb u/]kl5 sfof{nosf lgldQ lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L tf/fklt v/]nn] cfof]hs;lxt ljBfyL{, lzIfs / cljefjssf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ jftf{df af]nfpg'eof] .
dfukqsf af/]df 5nkmn ug{ / ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ p2]Zon] b'O{ 306f;Dd rn]sf] jftf{df ;Dk"0f{ k|:tfljt dflj / lgdfljx? nfO{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ug{ If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfno, lzIff ljefu, / lzIff dGqfnodf lzIff sfof{non] Ps dlxgf leq kq k7fpg] ;xdlt eof] . o;} u/L ljifout b/jlGb ldnfg ug{ clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf lhNnf k|ltlgw ;+usf] ;Nnfx adf]lhd lzIff sfof{non] :yfoL kb k'lt{ ;DjlGw sfd ug]{ / ck'u x'g] ljifout lzIfs b/aGbLsf nflu Ps dlxgfleq ;DalGwt lgsfodf kq k7fpg] ;xdlt eof] .
sfof{noleq b'j} kIf lar jftf{ rln/x“bf aflx/ ljBfyL{x?n] æxfd|f dfu k'/f u/ eGb}Æ hf]8tf]8n] gf/f nufO{ /x]sf lyP .
cGt/lqmofTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg
aemfË ÷ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L dfcf]jfbL lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldlt aemfËsf] cfof]hgfdf Ps cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ebf} ! Pl/of g++=%, ^, &, (, / !) sf lzIfs :jf:YosdL{, Jofkf/Lx?sf] aLrdf ul/Psf] ;f] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cltly g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ ;]tL–dxfsfnL If]qLo Jo"/f] ;b:o tyf aemfª lhNnf O~rfh{ s=P6d /xg'ePsf] lyof] .
jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf u0ftflGqs df]rf{ lgdf{0f / xfd|f] e"ldsf ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] pb]Zo ;Dk"0f{ k|ultlzn / ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL zlQmsf] Pp6f u0ftflGqs df]rf{ lgdf{0f ug{{], jt{dfg /fhg}lts l:yltdf a'emfOdf ;fk]lIfs Ps?ktf sfod ug{], cGt/lqmofsf] dfWofdaf6 ;'emfa ;Nnfx / cfnf]rgf s]lGb|s/0f / Ps cfk;df /x]sf cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ xn ug]{ ljifodf cGt/lqmof ePsf] lyof] . lhNnf ;lrjfno ;b:o ljzfnsf] ;Grfngdf / Pl/of O~rfh{ k|ltsf/sf] cWoIotfdf ePsf] pQm cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd cGo cltlyx?df /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfn tyf hgfb]z k|ltlglw kbd v8\sf, lj;' hg;“+:s[lts ;+3sf ;b:o k|Voft, ;lxb kl/jf/af6 k|]d lu/L, lzIfssf] tkm{af6 k|=c wgaxfb'/ lji6, Jofkf/L k|ltlglw lji0f'b]j lu/L / :jf:Yo k|ltlglwdf dfn'd]nf x]kf] O~rfh{ ljd'v s'df/ bQ /xg'ePsf] lyof] .
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf efu lng] lzIfsx?n] u0ftGq :yfkgf / lbuf] zflGtsf] nflu u0ftflGqs df]rf{sf] cfjZostf ePsf] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
o;/L cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf efu lng] lzIfsx?df zf/bf df=lj b+uflhsf k|=c=gf/fo0f v8\sf, ynf/f pRr df=lj sf k|=c wgaxfb'/ lji6, k|frfo{ u+uf bQ kl08t, nfdf tf]nf pRr dfljsf lzIfs k|]daxfb'/ l;+x, hubDaf df=lj vf]nfdf/fsf lzIfs b]ljeQm hf]zL / dfn'd]nf lg=df=lj sf k|=c lj/]Gb| lul/ /xg'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf 5fGgf ynf/f d6]nf u/L hgf lzIfs sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;xefuL /x]sf] yof] .
Ko"7fgdf lzIfsx? h'd{'/fP
lt/fd÷g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ NffO{ j}rfl/s cf:yf /fVg] clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+u7g sf] k|yd e]nf oxL ebf} ! ut]b]lv @ ut];Dd lt/fd uf=h=; sf] u0f]z df=lj df ;DkGg eof] . e]nfnfO{ k|d'v cltly clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj /Tgaxfb'/ jnLn] ;Daf]wg ub}{ g]kfnsf] z}lIfs cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df lzIfsx?sf] uf}/jk"0f{ / ;+3if{zLn Oltxf; /x]sf] eGg' x'b} ljutsf] Oltxf;df Ko"7fgdf klg lzIfsx?n] z}lIfs cfGbf]ngsf] nflu dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] jtfpg' eof] .
lzIfssf] k|yd e]nfn] wd{/fh kl08tsf] cWoIftfdf b'O{ hgf ;b:o kl5 yk ug]{ u/L !% ;b:oLo lhNnf sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd cjlwe/ lemd|'s kl/jf/n] /f]rs hgjfbL uLtg[To k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .
o;}aLr u0ftGq k|flKtsf] rfxfgf / v]ns'bk|lt rf;f] /fVg] Ko"7fgL o'jfx?sf] e]nfn] u0ftlGqs o'jf ;d"x Ko"7fg u7g u/]sf] 5 . e]nfn] ^ ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L /fh]Gb| kf}8]n cWoIf / ljholj/fh lji6 ;lrj /xg] u/L !& ;b:o lhNnf ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . d'lQmk|;fb kf]v|]nsf] ;efkltŒjdf ePsf] e]nfnfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxfsf/ s=lbks s]=;L= kf6L{sf ;]qm]6/ s=k|sfz, g]kfnL sfu|]zsf ;efklt >L s'i0f k|kGg ;'j]bL, k|hftflGqs sfu|]zsf x's'd axfb'/ lji6, Pdfn]sf t'N;L/fd kf]v|]n, hgdf]rf{ -z]/rg_ sf k"0f{rGb| ;'j]bL, dfn]sf wg]Zj/ kf]v|]n, dfgj clwsf/jfbL g]tf emk]Gb|/fh j}B, gful/s ;dfhsf lzj kl08tnufot ljleGg ;+3÷;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?n] dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . af]Ng] jQmfx?n] ;Dk"0f{ o'jfx? /fhg}lts k|0ffnLdf ;xefuL eP/ cufl8 a9] dfq lglZrt uGtJodf k'Ug ;lsg] wf/0f /fv]sf lyP .
kLl8t sd{rf/L cfGbf]ngdf
sf7df8f}+÷ kz'klt If]q ljsf;sf dhb'/, sd{rf/Lx? cfk"mdfly sf]if k|zf;gn] u/]sf] zf]if0f, cGofolj?4 cfGbf]ngdf pq]sf 5g\ .
clvn g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgog dxf;+3, kLl8t sd{rf/L / p8\8og dGqfnosf ;x;lrj;lxtsf] sf]if k|zf;gaLr jftf{ eO{ sd{rf/Lsf dfu k"/f ug{] ;xdlt eP klg xfn;Dd To;k|lt sf]if k|zf;gn] s'g} rf;f] gb]vfPsf] kLl8t sd{rf/Ln] atfP . dfu k"/f ug{'sf] ;f6f] k|zf;g;+u ldn]/ s]xL pRr kb:y sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mx?nfO{ wDSofpg] tyf cfGbf]ng gug{ eGg] u/]sf] kLl8t sd{rf/Lx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .
jfbL ;d'bfoåf/f clwsf/ dfu
bfª÷g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{ s]Gb|Lo cfwf/ OnfsLo ;dGjo ;ldltn] /fHo ;Qfåf/f blnt ;d'bfoleqsf jfbL ;d'bfox?nfO{ x/If]qdf pk]Iff u/]sf], k'g:yf{lkt ;+;bn] klg nfvf}+sf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf jfbL ;d'bfosf] d'lQmsf] nflu s'g} sfd gu/]sf] eGb} ljleGg dfux? /fvL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfËdf ;f]daf/ dfukq k]z u/]sf] 5 .
……cfdfsf] gfdaf6 gful/stf kfpg], wd{lg/k]If /fHo / 5'jf5't d'Qm /fHoÚÚ 3f]if0ff cflb ul/P klg xfn;Dd Jojxf/df nfu" gePsf] eGb} k':tf}b]lv e"ldxLg jfbL ;d'bfonfO{ e"ldnufot uf;, jf; / skf;sf] Uof/]G6L, /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf, lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo, lzIffsf] Joj:yf, afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ;+/If0f s]Gb|df ;+/lIft, jfbL ;d'bfosf] ;Lk / snfnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f, gful/stfaf6 al~rtx?nfO{ gful/stf k|bfg, ljjfx btf{, hGd btf{ ug{ kfpg] jftfj/0f tof/ kfl/of];\ nufotsf dfux? /fvL ;of}sf] ;+Vofsf] ¥ofnL;lxt ;f] dfu /fv]sf x'g\ .
;fy} dfukqdf g]kfndf ;of}+ jif{b]lv blnt ;d'bfodfly hftkft 5'jf5't h:tf] cdfgjLo, lgs[i6 vfnsf] k|yfsf] hf“tf]d'lg lkl;b} cfPsf] blnt ;d'bfoleqsf] of] hfltsf] d'lQmsf] nflu @)^#÷#÷( ut] !* ;"qLo dfukq ul/Psf] :d/0f u/fp“b} ljut hgcfGbf]ngdf of] ;d'bfosf] pNn]Vo ;xeflutf /x]kl5 klg of] dfusf] ;'g'jfO{ geP csf]{ b]zJofkL hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;[li6 ug{ afWo x'g] r]tfjgL klg lbOPsf] 5 .
xh'/cfdfsf] dgdf sfnf] k|zf;gsf] 5fk
clj/n >]i7
l;wf kl/kfl§ kmls{P/ x]bf{ k"j{ klZrd nfDrf] ag]/ km}lnPsf] uf]/vf ahf/ laxfgL 3fdsf] ls/0f;+u} rlDsb} lyof] . ahf/sf] dflyNnf] efu h+unL /]Ghdf 6Gg Ps w;f{ 6fpsf]df km]6f u'y] em} x':;'sf] a:tL, To;}sf] 7Ls cufl8 ;fd'Gg] kg]{ s§]n 8f“8f ufp“ pxL ;lxb /fdaxfb'/ cof{nsf xh'/ af / xh'/ cfdf vu'dfof cof{nsf] ;fgf] nfn em'k8L, ;j{xf/f juL{o ljrf/wf/fsf] cf:yfsf] k"“hL xf] . gf} t]x|sf] b'O{tn] 3/df sl/a kf“r jif{ cl3;Dd xh'/ af klg x'g'x'bf]/x]5 . oltv]/ t pxf“ klg lalt;Sg' eP5 . xfdL Toxf“ k'Ubf xh'/cfdf PSn} tLg÷rf/j6f km;L{sf] d'G6f lnP/ lk+9Ldf s]nfO/x]sf lyP .
æcfdf s] a]nf 5 oltv]/ < style="font-weight: normal;">b]zsf] ;'/Iff ug]{ lhDdf hg;]gfn] lng'k5{
boflglw e§
ef/tLo u'08f / ;'/IffsdL{x?åf/f k6s k6s n'l6b} cfPsf ;LdfIf]qsf g]kfnL a:tLx?df u0ftflGqs cleofg lnP/ hgd'lQm ;]gf k|j]z u/]kl5 v';Lsf] axf/ dfq 5fPsf] 5}g zflGtsf] ;Gb]z klg km}lnPsf] 5 tL a:tLx?df .
ljutdf n'l6+bfsf] kL8f ;'gfpb} lrtjg df8L If]qcGt{ut cof]Wofk'/L uf=h=;=sf] af“b/em'nfsf Ps o'jsn] eg] æ;do;dodf xft xltof/;lxt cfpg] ef/tLo u'08fx?n] pbL{ hf/L u/]cg';f/ lbgbxf8} v;L, s'v'/f / ef“8fs'“8f ;d]t af]s]/ ef/tsf] klZrd r'd/f]Ë lhNnfsf] af]8{/;Dd k'¥ofOlbg' kb5{ . k|ltjfb ug]{ jf c6]/ ug]{ ul/of] eg] Hofg} hfg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . pgn] eg]– æTolt dfq xf]Og s}of} dlxnfx? u'08f / ;'/IffsdL{x?åf/f anfTs[t x'g] u/]sf / sltko ckx/0fkZrft\ ef/tLo a]Zofnox?df a]lrg] u/]sf] :yfgLo lzlIfsf lbndfof u'?Ë atfp“l5g\ . v'nf ;Ldfgf / /fHosf] Go"g pkl:ylt /xg] To; If]qsf] ;'/Iffsf] lhDdf lnP/ a;]sf] elgPsf] s0f]{n clht yfkfsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] k'/fgf] ;]gf cfSsnem'Ssn k'Ug] u/] klg 8fsfx?;+u pgLx?sf] ldn]dtf] /x]sf] :yfgLo afl;Gbfx? atfp5g\ . ldn]dtf] geP ;]gf / 8f“sf xft ldnfP/ s;/L lx+8\5g\ t < style="font-weight: normal;">u0ftGq g]kfnsf] nflu blnt cfGbf]ng
bfª÷g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{ s]Gb|Lo cfwf/ Onfsf If]qLo ;dGjo ;ldltn] /fhtGqsf] ;d'n cGTo eP/ nf]stlGqs u0ftGqfTds Joj:yfdf dfq blntx?sf] d'lQm x'g] 7x/ ub}{ To;sf] nflu Jofks hgdt ;[hgf ug{ cfkm\gf] ;u7gn] æu0ftGq g]kfnsf nflu blnt cleofgÆ ;~rfng ug]{ hgfPsf] 5 .
df]rf{sf] s]Gb|Lo cfwf/ OnfsLo If]qLo ;ldltsf] k|yd j}7sn] ;f] lg0f{o lnPsf] hgfPsf] 5 . cleofgsf] cjlwe/ blntdfly eO/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ pTkL8gsf lj?4 blntx?nfO{ ;+u7gdf u]njGb u/fp“b} u|fdL0f If]q zx/ / ;b/d'sfddf ;+u7g lj:tf/ ug]{, blntx?n] ;~rfng cfPsf] s'l6/ pBf]usf] 7f]; ljZn]if0f ub}{} lji6 k|yfsf] cGTo / d"No k|yfsf], s'l6/ pBf]unfO{ cfw'lgs ;xsf/L pBf]usf] :t/df ljsf; ug]{ /x]sf 5g\ .
df]rf{sf] s]Gb|Lo cfwf/ OnfsLo If]qLo ;+of]hs rGb| j= ljZjsdf{åf/f x:tfIfl/t lj1lKtdf ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .
df]rf{åf/f 3f]/fxLdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf 5nkmndf p7]sf ;d;fdlos k|Zgsf] hjfkm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lw/h z]kf{nLn] cf/If0fn] blntnfO{ blntjfbL agfpg] :ki6 kfb}{ ljz]if clwsf/n] dfq blntsf] jf:tljs d'lQm x'g] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o l/d j=ljZjsdf{, If]qLo ;b:o cf]k]Gb| j= ljZjsdf{,bfª lhNnf cWoIf dfg j= /;fOnL, lht]Gb|dfg kl/of/ /fh]z g]kfnL s0f{ j= kl/of/, lgd j= lj=s=nufotsf cltlyx?sf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
;+lIfKt ;dfrf/kf“r lbg] cfwf/e"t :s"lnª\
uf]/vf÷clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+u7g ljz]if pks]Gb|sf] cfof]hgfdf ut ;fpg @& b]lv #! ;Dd uf]/vf lhNnfsf] £ofNrf]s uf=lj=;df :s"lnª ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
k|d'v cltly u'0f/fh nf]xgLn] sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljz]if cltlysf] ?kdf klZrd Jo"/f] O~rfh{ pQdnufot af;' :d[lt la|u]8 sld;f/ s=leid x'g'x'GYof] . dfS;{jfbsf tLg ;+36s c+usf af/]df :s"lnª\ ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df u'0f/fh nf]xgLn] bz{gsf] af/]df, ;+u7gdf dxf;lrj s0f{ a:g]t / s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ef]nf ;fksf]6fn] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] / /fhg}lts cy{zf:qsf] af/]df ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o huGgfy cfrfo{n] JofVof ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf afudtL / gf/fo0fL c~rnsf !& lhNnfaf6 #( hgf lzIfsx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] eg] ;dfkgdf k|d'v cltly nf]xgLn] k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ ePsf sf7df8f}+sf ch'{g e§ / elu/y Gof}kfg], d'G;L ofbjnufotnfO{ l6sf nufP/ :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
eLdbQ ls;fg ;+u7g ;'b9 tyf lj:tf/ cleofg ;~rfng
aemfª ÷ ;fd|fHojfbL lj:tf/jfbL e|ddf pTkLl8t ls;fg gk/f}+ †, h;sf] hf]t p;sf] kf]t sfod ug{ eLdbQ ls;fg cleofgdf h'6f}+ †† eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy aemfªdf clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf] b'O{ dlxg] eLdbQ ls;fg ;+u7g ;'b[9 tyf lj:tf/ cleofg ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . eLdbQ kGtsf] :d[lt lbj; ;fpg !& ut]b]lv pb\3f6g eO{ c;f]h !& ut] ;DkGg x'g] pQm cleofgsf] d'Vo p2]Zox?df k|To]s pTkLl8t ls;fgnfO{ uf]naGb ug{], cfd ls;fgnfO{ h'emf? agfpg] ;fd|fHojfbL, lj:tf/jfbL / ;fdGtjfbLx?sf] g]kfnL ls;fg dflysf] e|d lrg{] / k|To]s ls;fg, ;'s'Daf;L, xlnof, sd}of ls;fgx?nfO{ ;+u7gdf cfa4 ug{]nufotsf /x]sf 5g\ .
clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ aemfª lhNnf ;+of]hs tyf eLdbQ ls;fg ;+u7g ;'b[9 tyf lj:tf/ cleofgsf sdf08/ tf]kaxfb'/ v8\sfsf cg';f/ of] cleofg ;]tL–dxfsfnLsf gf} j6} lhNnfx?df ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 .
cleofg ;~rfngkZrft\ aemfªdf cleofgofqLx?åf/f lhNnfsf ljleGg 7fp“x?df ;+u7g ;'b[9 tyf lj:tf/ eO/x]sf 5g\ eg] hg>d / hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . cleofgs} qmddf r}gk'/ ufh;sf] gf} j6} jfh;x?df ;+u7g lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 eg] 5fGgf dfemL ufh;sf] d]Nt8Ldf cjl:yt d]Nt8L k|:tfljt lgdfljsf] k|fË0fdf j[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] 5 .
o;/L hg>d / ;+u7g ;'b[9 tyf lj:tf/ x'“bf cleofgn] aemfª lhNnfdf clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_k|lt ls;fgx?sf] rf;f] a9fOlbPsf] 5 eg] ls;fg cfGbf]ngdf gof“ pmhf{ yKg] atfOG5 . cleofgs} cjlwdf qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ P]g nfu" ul/g'kg{] lhpnfdf agfPsf] ;]gfsf] Aof/]s cGt ;f/L ls;fgsf] hUuf lkmtf{ ul/g'kg{] / pTkL8gdf k/]sf b]z}el/sf ls;fgsf hNbfaNbf ;d:of xn ul/g'kg{] nufotsf dfu /fvL k|zf;g ;fd' dfukq k]z ul/g] atfOPsf] 5 .
cleofgdf clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf lhNnf tyf Pl/ofsf ;b:ox? h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . – kbd v8\sf
h'6\b}5g\ dlxnfx? bfªdf
bfª,÷3f]/fxL ahf/sf] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] xndf cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ bfª lhNnfsf] cfof]hsŒjdf clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf dlxnf lzlIfsfx?sf] e"ldsf ljiffos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
pQm cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf d'Vo cltly cg]d ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ljdnf s]=;L= x'g'x'GYof] eg] ;+rfns cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o aGw' rGb x'g'x'GYof] . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly ljdnf s]=;L= n] k|lzIf0fd"ns dGtJo /fVb} eGg'eof]– æxfd|f] b]zdf obL nf]stflGqs u0ftGq cfP/ klg dlxnfnfO{ Wofg lbOPg eg] Tolta]nf ljb|fx u/]/ hfg ;Sg] lsl;dn] xfdL ;+ul7t x'g h?/L 5 .Æ sfo{qmdsf csf{ cltly clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+u7gsf pkfWoIf g/axfb'/ b'nfnn] clxn]sf] o'udf j}1flgs lzIff k|0ffnL x'g'kg{] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf pkl:yt lzlIfsfx?n] cf–cfºgf] k|ltlqmof /fVg] qmddf e/tk'/ SofDk; k|d'v /fwf zfxn]– æ;+ljwfg;efdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf ePg eg] xfdL dlxnf km]l/ klg kl5 kg]{5f}+Æ eGg'eof] . o;}u/L lzlIfsf s[i0ff uf}tdsf] ljrf/ lyof] dlxnf d'lQmsf] nflu ju{;+3if{ / ;fd"lxs cfGbf]ngsf] cfjZostf 5 .
sfo{qmddf pkl:yt x'g kfPsf]df v'zL JoQm ub}{ d]rL–sfnL af]l8{ªsL lzlIfsf lzjf zdf{ elG5g\\– æclxn]sf] kl/l:ylt l;h{gf !( lbgsf] cfGbf]ngn] dfq geP/ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] u/]sf] bz jif{sf] hgo'4n] k|d'v e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 .Æ ;f] sfo{qmddf nIdL cfrfo{, ;'lgtf k'g, bLklzvf af]l8{ªaf6 ljhof l3ld/], zflGt lgs]tgsL ljGb' dNn, /df e08f/Lnufot !* hgf dlxnf lzlIfsfx?sf] ;xeflutf lyof] .
o'uf}+b]lv hsl8Psf] ;dfhnfO{ abNg dlxnfx? ;zQm ?kdf p7\g'k5{ eGg] ljrf/sf ;fy sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] . Hof]lt zdf{af6
hgtfn] Jof/]sdf tfnf df/]
k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{sf ;8s v08x?df lbgx' x'g] n'6kf6df zfxL ;]gf -xfn g]kfnL ;]gf_ / k|x/Lsf] ;+nUgtf / ;xefuLtfsf] cfjfh pl7/x]sf] a]nf gjnk/f;Lsf hgtfx?n] b'O{ n'6]/f slyt ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ /Ë]xft lu/kmtf/ u/]sf 5g\ . /ftL sfjf;f]tLl:yt Ps 3/af6 rf]/L u/]/ ;fO{sndf eUbfefUb} hgtfn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf x'g . o;/L hgtfsf] /Ifs eg]/ l8ª xf“Sg gyfSg] slyt ;'/Iff sdL{ g} n'6]/f ag]sf]df cfqmf]lzt hgtfn] k|bz{g u/L ;]gf / k|x/LnfO{ Aof/]s d} y'gL u]6df tfnf nufOlbPsf 5g\ . kqmfp k/]sfdf sfjf;f]tLsf k|x/L hjfg t'n;L rf}w/L / wgu9Lsf ;]gfsf xjNbf/ jL/axfb'/ tfdfË 5g\ . k|bz{gsf] :yfgLo jfl;Gbfx? dx]Gb| /fhdfu{df 6fo/ afnL lbge/ cfjfudg aGb u/fPsf lyP . l:yltnfO{ c? pQ]lht gagfpg / hgtfnfO{ ;+oldt /xg dfcf]jfbL hgldlnl;ofsf] kl/rfng u/]sf] dfcf]jfbL ;|f]tn] hgfPsf] lyof] . cGTodf dfcf]jfbL k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df lu/kmtf/ n'6]/fnfO{ s8f sf/jfxL ug]{ ;t{df k|Zff;gdf a'´fpg ;xdt ePsf lyP .
To;}u/L tgx'“ /fdgu/—b]jjf;sf hgtfn] klg n'6]/fx? dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf dfq k|zf;gnfO{ a'´fPsf lyP . ;fpg @( ut] lu/km\tf/ u/]/ /fv]sf s;/f Aof/]ssf ;]gf ;'hg u'?Ë;lxt rf/hgf n'6]/fnfO{ hgtfn] k|zf;gn] w]/} rf]6L a'´fpg cfu|x ubf{ klg ga'´fPkl5 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] /f]xj/df a'´fOPsf] xf] . lghx?af6 tLg j6f ;Ld;lxtsf rf/ j6f df]afOn, ;'gsf l;qmL, 6k / gub tL; xhf/ Ps $% ?k}of“, rf/÷kf“r j6f v'8fv's'/L, gSsnL k]:tf}nnufotsf ;fdu+|Lx? a/fdb u/]sf lyP . zfxL ;/sf/sf kfnfsf j8fcWoIfsf 5f]/f /0faxfb'/ du/ tgx'“ klg ;+nUg /x]sf] pQm n'6]/fsf] ;d"xnfO{ pgLdfkm{t\ hgtfn] gf/fo0fu9sf ljleGg nh / xf]6naf6 lu/km\tf/ u/]sf lyP .Æ klxn] t hgtfn] k|zf;gdf a'´fpg dfg]sf lyPgg\ km]l/ k|zf;gn] 5f]l8b]nf / s8f s/jfxL gunf{ eGg] hgtfdf nfu]sf] lyof] . xfd|f] pkl:ylt x'g'k5{ eg] dfucg'?k g} k|zf;gdf n'6]/fx?nfO{ a'´fOPsf] xf]Æ gf/fo0fu9sf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf Onfsf O~rfh{ s=ljj]s atfpg'x'G5 .
dw]zL d'lQm df]rf{sf] e]nf
sf7df8f}+÷dw];L /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf oxL ebf} !) ut] lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf cWoog/t dw]zL ljBfyL{x?sf] e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s=dft[sf ofbjsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg e]nfdf cGo cltlyx? dw]zL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf pkfWoIf ;Togf/fo0f eut, lqljljsf k"j{:jljo" pk;efklt tyf cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_sf k"j{ ;lrjfno ;b:o lzj/fd ofbj, cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_sf ;lrjfno ;b:o tf/f e08f/Lnufotsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
e]nfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ k|d'v cltly s=dft[sf k|;fb ofbjn] bf]xf]/f] pTkL8gdf k/]sf dw]zL ;d'bfosf] d'lQmsf] lglDt dw]zL ljBfyL{x? Ps x'g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . e]nfn] s'df/ sDn]Gb|dsf] cWoIftfdf tLg ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L !& ;b:oLo dw]zL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnsf] lqe'jg ljZjljBfno OsfO ;ldltsf] u7g u/]sf] 5 .
u0ftflGqs cleofg ;~rfng
sf:sL÷g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_, sf:sL lhNnf ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf oxL efb| ! ut]b]lv sf:sL lhNnfe/ …ljho–/fh u0ftflGqs cleofgÚ ;~rfng ePsf] 5 .
tTsfnLg lhNnf ;]qm]6/L dxfg\ ;lxb ljho 9sfn / tTsfnLg lhNnf ;x–O~rfh{ /fhljqmd e't]{nsf] gfdaf6 cleofgsf] gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] 5 . cleofgsf] pb\3f6g zxLb ljho 9sfnsf afa' 3gZofd 9sfn / zxLb /fhljqmd e't]{nsL 5f]/L clgtf e't]{nn] ;+o'Qm?kdf ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
xhf/f}+ hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg cleofg pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf ;lxba'af 3gZofd 9sfn, blnt df]rf{sf wgaxfb'/ lj=s=, dlxnf df]rf{sL ;'zLnf l;+v8fn] cleofg ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
…;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfn lgdf{0f cfd hgtfsf] rfxgf † ;+ul7t / s]lGb|s[t ;+3if{ ug]{ sf:s]nL hgtfsf] efjgf ††Ú eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy z'? ePsf] cleofg clxn] sf:sL lhNnfsf ;a} Onfsfdf ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L, …cfGbf]ngsf/L hgtfsf] cu|ufdL r]tgfnfO{ ;'b[9 / h'emf? hg;+u7gdf abnf}+ † u0ftflGqs g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] nflu lgMzt{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] tof/Ldf h'6f}+ ††Ú eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_, afUn'ª\ lhNnf ;ldltn] ut ;fpg @) ut]b]lv cfufdL sflt{s @) ut];Dd lhNnfel/ Jofks?kdf hg;DaGwo'Qm ;+u7g ;'b[9 cleofg ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . cleofgsf] nIo ;'b[9 kf6L{ / Jofks Pjd\ ;lqmo hg;+u7g lgdf{0f ug]{, hgtfsf] cu|ufdL r]tgfnfO{ cem ;zQm / k|lt/f]wfTds agfpg] cfGtl/s k+lQm / hgk+lQmdf k|lzIf0f rnfpg], kf6L{nfO{ cfwf/e"t ju{df k'¥ofpg] nIo /x]sf], s'g} g s'g} lsl;dn] >ddf hf]l8g] / ljz]if tj/n] >dcleofg ;~rfng ug]{ p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 .
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] dfu
g]kfn lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;+u7gn] …lghfdtL ;]jf P]g—@)$(Údf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;/sf/;Fu dfu u/]sf] 5 .
;+u7gn] efb| !! ut] Ps lj1lKt hf/L u/L nuftf/ Ps} kbdf !% jif{ ;]jf u/]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] dflyNnf] kbdf a9'jf x'g'kg]{, pk;lrj;Ddsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ 6«]8 o'lgog clwsf/ k|bfg ug'{kg]{, s/f/df sd{rf/L /fVg] Joj:yf ug{ gx'g], lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ PsLs[t ;+u7gsf] ?kdf lgdf{0f ug{ ljBdfg >]0fLut k|0ffnLnfO{ vf/]h u/L txut k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{, Ps lbgsf] tna a/fa/ Ps u|]8 sfod x'g'kg]{, rf8kj{ vr{ @ dlxgfsf] tna sfod ul/g'kg]{ nufotsf dfux? sd{rf/L ;+u7gn] u/]sf] 5 .
;+u7gsf dxf;lrj ef]nfgfy kf]v|]nåf/f x:tfIfl/t lj1lKtdf hgcfGbf]ngdf lqmofzLn 6«]8 o'lgogx?nfO{ >d tyf /f]huf/ ljefudf btf{ x'g] Joj:yf ug{;d]t dfu ul/Psf] 5 .
dhb'/ e]nf

clvn g]kfn lgdf{0f dhb'/ ;+3 pkTosf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] e]nf oxL ebf} !) ut] sf7df8f}+df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
e]nfn] dbg bfxnsf] ;+of]hsTjdf !# ;b:oLo pkTofsf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . clvn g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgog dxf;+3sf pkfWoIf ab|L ahufO{sf] k|d'v cfltYodf e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L ;f]xL lbg ;"o{ nfdfsf] cWoIftfdf !( ;b:oLo sf7df8f}+ lhNnf ;ldlt, lji0f' kf}8]nsf] cWoIftfdf !% ;b:oLo eQmk'/ lhNnf ;ldlt / s0f{ y'n'Ësf] cWoIftfdf !% ;b:oLo nlntk'/ lhNnf ;ldltsf] u7g ul/Psf] 5 .

;:d/0f÷cg'e'lt
>4]o u'? l8lehg sdf08/ ;'lgnsf] ;Demgfdf
r]tg s'j“/
qmflGtsf bf}/fg To:tf Psfw JolQmŒjx? x'G5g\\\, hf] ef]sfgf¨f hgtfx? dfemaf6} p7], /ut, cf“z', kl;gfsf] ;fOgf];+u hgtfdf emf“luP, clg h'uh'u d'lQmdfu{df nfdaGbL eO/xg cfx\jfg ub}{ cf]em]n k/]sf 5g\ . xf] † o:t} dxfg\\\ k'?ifx?dWo] Ps zLif{:y JolQmŒj x'g'x'G5 xfd|f dxfg\\\ u'? ;'lgn ;/ . pxf“ cfh ef}lts ?kdf xfd|f] ;fd'af6 5'l§g' ePsf] 5 t/ pxf“sf] lj5f]8n] nfvf}+ cf“vfx? leh]sf 5g\ 5ftLx? eSsflgPsf 5g\ . / o'uf}o'u;Dd pxf“x?n] b]vfPsf] af6f]df cl3 a9\g k|lta4 agfPsf] 5 .
xf], dfG5] hGd]kl5 d[To' t clgjfo{ x'G5 . t/ d[To' klg cy{ / cgy{ x'G5g\ . hf] b]z / hgtfsf kIfdf n8\b} ubf{ pRr d[To'j/0f u5{, Tof] d[To' ;u/dfyf eGbf ux|f}+ x'G5 t/ hf] d'Le/ zf]ifs–;fdGtsf] lxtdf n8]/ d5{ Tof] d[To' Kjf“veGbf xn'ª\uf] x'G5 . alnbfgL qmflGtsf] pmhf{ xf] o; dfg]df, xfdL ;'lgn ;/sf] zxfbtdf b'MvL t ePs} 5f}+ t/ klg qmflGtsf] ljhosf nflu dxfg\\\ alnbfg klg clgjfo{ zt{ xf] eGg]df xfdL ljZj:t x'g}kbf]{ /x]5 .
xfdLnfO{ ofb 5, hgo'4 z'? ePsf] lyPg . ufp“ufp“df hgtfsf b'Zdgx?dfly sfjf{xLsf lemNsfx? p7\b} lyP . Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ ljb|f]x ;Ns“b} uof] . @)%@ ;fndf hgo'4 z'? eof] . km6fxf, hfnL, z'bvf]/x? km6fkm6 ;kmfof x'“b} lyP, hfnL td;'s sAhf x'“b} lyP, aGb'sx? sAhf x'“b} lyP . oL 36gfqmdx?n] hg;d'bfodf t/ª\lut kfb}{ lyof] . o:tf] nfUbYof] hgtfsf kIfdf n8\g] tL jL/x? s:tf xf]nfg\ < s="k|jL0f_" s=";'lgn" s=";'lgn">dn] cflh{t cfºg} cfwf/Onfsfdf 9Ng'eof] . efjgfx? 5rlNsP, aGb'sx? aGb eP em}+ nfUof], sndx? rNg 5f]8] em}+ nfUof] . t/ xfdLn] ;lDemof}+ dxfg\\\ ;fDojfbdf k'Ug] nIo . k|Tofqmd0fsf] bf];|f] kmf}hL of]hgf, b'Zdgsf] 9f8df 6]s]/ 6fpsf]df k|xf/ ug]{ of]hgf ;'lgn ;/n] zxfbtsf] s]xL a]/ cufl8;Dd oxL k|lzIf0f lb+b} x'g'x'GYof] .

kf7s k|ltlqmof

sf]O/fnf s] sf]/Nb}5g\ <
;DkfbsHo",
hgcfGbf]ng efu–@ sf] :ki6 p2]Zo 5 nf]stflGqs u0ftGq . ;fdGtL /fhtGq zf]if0f, bdg, cGofo / cTofrf/sf] h8 xf] . g]kfnL hgtfsf] pGglt / k|ultnfO{ o;n] slxNo} :jLsfg{ ;s]g . g]kfnL hgtf o;sf] kfngkf]if0f ug{ rfx“b}gg\ / of] dx“uf] …tGqÚnfO{ kfNg klg ;Sb}gg\ . of] ljnf;L tGqnfO{ cGTo gul/P;Dd g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;f“rf] k|hftGq cfp“b}g . o;sf] cGTo ug{ zf]lift,kLl8t g]kfnL hgtf cft'/ 5g\ . o;af6 d'lQm rfxG5g\ . of] tGqdf OHht ;Ddfg / k|lti7f 5}g . of] c;Eo tGqn] c?sf] ;Ddfg ug{ klg hfGb}gg\ . of] c;Eo / dx“uf] tGq, /fhtGqsf] cGTo ug{ sxL+ s;}af6 g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ al~rt ug{ vf]lhof] eg] Tof] k|hftGq klg ;fdGtL /fhtGq;+u} cfo{3f6df k'Ug] 5 . o;sf] hu]gf{ ug{]nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] sbflk hu]gf{ / dfkmL lbg] 5}gg\ .
hgcfGbf]ng efu @ df em08} b'O{ bh{g ;fx;L, axfb'/ / k|hftGqsf] ;Rrfk|]dLx?n] xf“;L–xf“;L aGb's / af?b;+u} h'‰bfh'‰b} cfk"mnfO{ cfx"lt lbP . xhf/f}+xhf/ of]4fx? cem} klg c:ktfnsf] z}øofdf 5g\ . s]xL cem} cr]t 5g\ . xftv'§f ef“lrg]sf] oxf“ uGtL g} 5}g . oL 3fOt]x?n] c:ktfnaf6} ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] cGTo pb\3f]if ul//x]sf 5g\ . cfk"m d/] klg b]zdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kfl/nf] 3fd nfuf];\ eg]/ pb\3f]if ul//x]sf 5g\ . s] hgcfGbf]ngdf lx+8]sf sf]O/fnfn] ;8sdf nfvf}+nfv hgtfn] a'nGb u/]sf] u0ftGqsf] cfjfh lal;{P <> /fHosf] ;DklQdf e"dflkmofsf] sAhf
;DkfbsHo",
emfkf lhNnf cgf/dgL / zlgZr/] ufh;sf] dftxtdf /x]sf] kf“r ;o laufxf If]qdf km}lnPsf] lu/LaGw' l6:6]6nfO{ pBf]u tyf sDkgL P]g ljk/Lt tLg v08df qmdzM lu/LaGw', Go" lu/LaGw' / gfh l6:6]6 u/L af“8kmf“8 tyf efua08f u/L /fHosf] ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ :yfgLo e"–dflkmofåf/f ljut df3 !( sf] k|ToIf /fhfsf] zf;gsfndf Jofks b'?kof]u u/]sf] tYo :ki6 kfg{ rfxG5' .
lgod ljk/Lt pQm lrof aufgdWo]sf gfh l6:6]6sf k|f]k|fO6/ ;'bz{g lu/Ln] %@ laufxf If]qsf] lrof aufg :yfgLo hfnLkm6fxf e"–dflkmofsf] ;fy lnO{ bh{gf}+ dhb'/ lj:yflkt u/L >dhLjL ju{sf] unf /]6\g] sfo{ u/] eg] tL ;fdGt bnfnx? pQm hUufnfO{ 38]/L laqmL u/L s/f]8klt aGg] of]hgf tof/ u/] . Tolta]nf dhb'/ lj:yflkt ubf{ zfxL ;Qfsf] cf8df wfswDsL lb+b} 6«sdf rGb|u9L l;l8cf] sfof{nodf nuL dhb'/nfO{ sa'nLotgfdf u/fO{ lj:yflkt u/fOPsf] t/ dhb'/ ju{n] / a'l4hLjL hg;d'bfon] tLa| lj/f]w u/]kl5 g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] ;d]t kf6L{sf] em08f uf8L s]xL ;do /f]s]kl5 k'gM tL dflkmof;+usf] gftf ;DaGwsf cfwf/df clgoldt 9+un] %@ laufxf hUuf gfh l6:6]6 dflkmof zf]ifs ;fdGtnfO{ ;'lDkPsf] / k'/fg} ;Qfsf] sfg'g e"ld;'wf/ P]g @)@! bkmf !@ sf] …ªÚadf]lhd klg /fHosf] ;DklQ eGg] tYo ;fljt ePsf] x'gfn] o;nfO{ plrt 5fgljg / sf/jfxL u/L ;TotYo ;fj{hlgs ug{ dfu ub{} hg;/f]sf/sf] ljifodf Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg xfd|f] hgu'gf;f]nfO{ hgfb]zdfkm{t\ k|sfz ul/lbg' x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' .
sdnk|;fb s8l/of
ljtf{df]8, emfkf

Madhesi Self Hate

This is a curious phenomenon, Madhesi self hate is. It is as if the person in front of you is not Madhesi. As if his nose has gone flat, his skin has lightened up, his accent has gone different.

Madhesis who have had personal success and have ended up surrounded by Pahadis - I call it the under 5% rule - come under tremendous pressure to internalize the value system of the prejudiced Pahadis. And many succumb.

The Token Madhesi

This is when you are accepted in a group precisely because you do not talk up Madhesi rights. You allow people to say that because you are present, those others present can not possibly be prejudiced.

The Moon Madhesi

You go up the success ladder. To your community you are the embodiment of success. Only you know the hell you go through to maintain your space up there. You are fighting two fierce currents. One is from your community. How could you complain? You are supposed to be successful. Another is from the value system of the dominant group.

A lot of people resort to escapism. To their own community they become a mere reflection of the prejudice they themselves put up with. So they will tell you if more Madhesis are not successful, it is because they are lazy, or something to that effect. They pretend to be blind to structural prejudices although it is that which keeps them from fulfilling their potential also in their current environments.

The Delegate The Prejudice Madhesi

There are Madhesis who are sexist. They would like you to believe they are so because they have had to put up with prejudice themselves. So the anti Madhesi prejudice becomes an excuse for sexism, casteism, classism.

The More Prejudiced Than The Pahadi Madhesi

I have met plenty of defensive Pahadis. But nothing tops the Madhesis who do their best to outdo the prejudiced Pahadis. The transformation is so total, it is magical. They have worked so hard to deny their identities, it is like they finally smell success.

The Realistically Prejudiced Madhesi

Okay, so there has been a revolution. Maybe the Sadbhavana has been right along. There will be federalism perhaps. A few million Madhesis might even get citizenship papers. But what kind of timeframe are we talking about? Even if everything happens, and happens fast, it can be realistically assumed, in the mean time you are still having to live in the prejudiced environment. So might as well internalize it. Makes life easier. Or does it?

So what are the options? What are the recommendations?

The more successful among the Madhesis have to bear extra responsibility for the struggle for total equality. There is no excuse for the self hate. That self hate has to be diagnosed, identified, and articulated. People have to form support groups, and talk to each other.

If the best and the brightest will not face it, who will?

Verbal Martial Arts

There are only so many words, so many attitudes. Learn to hit back. Often it is some lone, sick individual. You send one retort back their way, and they are off the radar screen. It is one person versus another. You are one, that person is another. Verbally hit back. Rehearse your lines. You need less than a dozen. Maybe less than five.

Example: "Tapain ko yo pakhe mentality tapain ko bau tira bata ayeko ho ki ama tira bata ayeko ho?"

Money, Message, Mobilization

Put your money where your mouth is. Give to the cause. Identify the 5-10 agenda items all Madhesis can come around. Help others do the same. And organize. Mobilize. This is a global village. Does not matter where you are, you can still have major impact.

People, Politics, Policy

Ultimately it is about the masses. If you can not yourself be at the forefront of the necessary work, suppport those who are at it. Reach out. Call people up. Donate time, money and ideas. Help formulate policy proposals.

Frustration, Chemical Imbalance, Mental Imbalance
My Most Controversial Blog Post To Date: On Madhesi Issue
Aire Gaire Natthu Khaire Pahadis

On The Web

The Pattern Pages - Self-Hate / Self-Destructive Patterns
Index By Topic: Self Hate
PTypes - Self-Hate
Self-Hate and Eating Disorders
Self-hatred - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER - FROM THE INSIDE OUT - Articles ...
Amazon.com: Compassion and Self Hate: An Alternative to Despair ...
Self Hate - ShawnAllison.com
BPD and Self-Hate
ABC News: Angry Teen Works to Overcome Roots of Self-Hate
Stop Self Hate | Hypnosis Downloads.com
SELFHATE
Goals tagged "self hate" on 43 Things
Yahoo! Answers - Is self hate the worst kind of hate?
Salon Newsreal | City of self-hate
Abusers, Survivors, and Self Hate
Amazon.com: Self Hate Crimes: Music
Keyword: Self Hate...
del.icio.us/gideonse/self-hate
Best Book Buys - Self-hate (Psychology) Books
Clit 45 Self-Hate Crimes CD
Self Hate - Reader comments at DanielPipes.org
self-hate - yourDictionary.com - American Heritage Dictionary
Metroactive Books | Cheri Huber
Sony Pictures - are you suffering from self-hate
MuchMusic Message Board: looking for depressing songs of self hate ...
Powell's Books - There Is Nothing Wrong with You: Going Beyond ...
Power Line: Self hate crimes
Keyword: Evolution/Self Hate...
deftone.com - fueled by self hate
Kin - Self Hate Theory - Last.fm
Is Self-Hate or Self-Love the Driving Force Behind the Left ...
AlterNet: WireTap: Tragedy At Red Lake: A History of Self-Hate ...
American Nazi Party - White Self-Hate Master-Stroke Of The Enemy
Irregular Times: News Unfit for Print » Pre-Emptive Free Speech ...
Self Love/Self Hate - a photoset on Flickr
Jill Writes: Hate is a four letter word. Self-hate is two four ...

Democracy For Nepal (DFN): Frustration, Chemical Imbalance, Mental ...
Play explores corrosive prejudice within black community
AGLBIC - Association for Gay Lesbian and Bisexual Issues in Counseling
Homophobia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hip-hop jock's sick rap against interracial family
Amazon.com: White Sky, Black Ice: Books: Stan Jones
Gay men deserve dignity and respect
Selected Abstracts on Sexual Prejudice and Homophobia
Androgyny, Perceived Prejudice & Outness Among Lesbian and ...
Young Women and "Feminism"
Democracy For Nepal (DFN): Aire Gaire Natthu Khaire Pahadis
Internalized homophobia and health issues affecting lesbians and ...
Internalized Oppression and Latinos
The Center :: Internalized Homophobia
Jews, Anti–Semitism, Mass Murder, and Silence
Breaking the Prejudice Habit
Ethnic Issues (II) by Paramendra Bhagat
Prejudice, internalization, and the accessibility of personal ...
[PDF] Internalized Racism for PDF.pub
Oppose Hatred and Prejudice
The Relation between Stigma, Prejudice, Discrimination ...
The Case of Internalized Homophobia: Theory and/as Practice ...
Pride and Prejudice -- What It Means To Be Proud of a Person ...
Untying the Knots: Marriage Equality and the Struggle for Civil Rights
Psychosocial Correlates of Internalized Homophobia in Lesbians ...
[Internalized oppression and high-risk sexual practices among ...

Internalized Racism
INTERNALIZED RACISM
The National Resource Center for the Healing of Racism
Internalized Oppression and Latinos
[PDF] Internalized Racism and Oppression
Themes in The Bluest Eye
Frequent questions on racism and oppression, racism and class ...
be more aware of my internalized racism on 43 Things
Internalized racism, body fat distribution, and abnormal fasting ...
Internalized Oppression - WikEd
A Word From the Wise - Tim Wise's Blog: Internalized Racism and ...
Les Faits de la Fiction » Combating internalized racism
Sony Pictures - Internalized racism.
Racism, Behavioral Medicine, Evidence-Based Medicine
[PDF] Internalized Racism
Relationship of internalized racism to abdominal obesity and blood ...
FamiLee Life: Japan's Internalized Racism in Comic Form
Anti Anti-AZN Pride: Fighting Internalized Racism - A Xanga Blogring
It Was Their Own Fault for Being Intractable Internalized Racism ...
[PPT] The Impacts of Racism on Health: Fact or Fallacy? A Review of the ...
recognizing internalized racism - femminista: thoughts of a ...
Internalized racism may affect adolescents' metabolic health ...
: Challenging White Supremacy & Internalized Racism, April ...
Internalized Oppression
lefthand's progress on be more aware of my internalized racism on ...
[PDF] Breaking the Psychological Shackles of Racism: Implications for ...
Internalized Racism Is Associated With Glucose Intolerance Among ...
[PPT] The Impacts of Racism on Health: Fact or Fallacy? A Review of the ...
Terms and Vocabulary | Evaluation Tools for Racial Equity Internalized racism is the situation that occurs in a racist system when a racial group oppressed by racism supports the supremacy and dominance of the dominating group by maintaining or participating in the set of attitudes, behaviors, social structures and ideologies that undergird the dominating group's power. It involves four essential and interconnected elements: (1) Decision-making - Due to racism, people of color do not have the ultimate decision-making power over the decisions that control our lives and resources. As a result, on a personal level, we may think white people know more about what needs to be done for us than we do. On an interpersonal level, we may not support each other's authority and power – especially if it is in opposition to the dominating racial group. Structurally, there is a system in place that rewards people of color who support white supremacy and power and coerces or punishes those who do not. (2) Resources - Resources, broadly defined (e.g. money, time, etc), are unequally in the hands and under the control of white people. Internalized racism is the system in place that makes it difficult for people of color to get access to resources for our own communities and to control the resources of our community. We learn to believe that serving and using resources for ourselves and our particular community is not serving “everybody.” (3) Standards - With internalized racism, the standards for what is appropriate or "normal" that people of color accept are white people's or Eurocentric standards. We have difficulty naming, communicating and living up to our deepest standards and values, and holding ourselves and each other accountable to them. (4) Naming the problem - There is a system in place that misnames the problem of racism as a problem of or caused by people of color and blames the disease - emotional, economic, political, etc. - on people of color. With internalized racism, people of color might, for example, believe we are more violent than white people and not consider state-sanctioned political violence or the hidden or privatized violence of white people and the systems they put in place and support.

ASK AMY: MISCELLANEOUS Hello, I have internalized sexism
Reviews - Womans' Inhumanity to Woman
Gender Identity Disorder Case Study (GID)
[PDF] Cross-generational mentoring: Ethics, Feminist Principles, and ...
Vacuums, internalized sexism and yes, that invisibility of ...
Internalized Sexism and Internalized Inferiority | Houston Social ...
Les Faits de la Fiction » Combating internalized racism
jay sennett jaywalks: Becoming a White Dude
Official Shrub.com Blog » Blog Archive » Complicitly exploiting ...
Frequent questions on racism and oppression, racism and class ...
[PDF] Building a Multi-Ethnic, Inclusive & Antiracist Organization
Feminist SFF & Utopia: Reviews: Marion Zimmer Bradley
[PDF] Heterosexism and Sexism as Correlates of Psychological Distress in ...
[PDF] Internalized Homophobia in Lesbians
wicked thoughts : sexism where it don't belong
Sexual harassment - LawGuru Wiki
Sexual harassment backlash, retaliation, and victim blaming
Negative capability: How to talk mean and influence people ...
Truth, Justice, and the Academic Way
Shut up for 10 minutes and let me speak.
Camassia: Mother Nature, she's a single woman too
Reinscribing the Self: Interview with Clarissa Sligh
In Us the Earth is Longing: Exploring Our Ancient Roots

Blog: Parivartan Nepal
Govinda Neupane

• Madheshies: colonial subjects or masters of their own destiny? the Madheshi is the largest nationality in Nepal ..... Although, politically and administratively the entire Madhesh region was merged, but psychologically and socially, it remained distinct and different. The Khas rulers in Kathmandu treated the Madheshi people as second class citizens or colonial subjects, suspected on their loyalty to Nepal and suppressed them ........ Denying employment in the army overtly, and other government services covertly ...... Disempowering through restrictions in the use of their languages in education and official works and discouraging the practice of their customs (e.g. official dress code) ........ Capturing their land in the name of Birta, Jagir, Rajguthi/Devguthi, land reform, etc and distributing to feudal lords, priests, courtiers, government employees and Hindu Gods/Goddesses from the hills .......... Denying many people their citizenship right ...... The land confiscated by the government stating that that was beyond the ceiling had to be distributed among the landless Madheshi people themselves. But, such land was mostly distributed to 'landless' middle class government employees from the hills, particularly of Khas origin ........ The issue of citizenship is being fiercely debated for several decades. But the Khas rulers in Kathmandu have done nothing other than to suppress the legitimate demand. ....... As far as the solution of the citizenship issue is concerned, there are three types of opinions or approaches - denial, piecemeal and holistic........ solving this problem through a campaign by sending teams of government officials to visit residences, count heads, enlist all citizens who do not have citizenship certificate, investigate any complications then and there, and issue temporary certificate that could be converted into permanent one after attaching a photograph and signing by the authority at a later date convenient to that citizen .......... the citizenship campaign should be started immediately and should be completed before the election of the constituent assembly ........ They certainly could retaliate angrily if treated as colonial subjects as in the past. .......
  
• A Brief Note on NGOs and Civil Society Representation
• The Philippine Experience: a few lessons for the Nepalese Communists
• Nepal Reality Check: serene villages and tumultuous towns?
• Spring Thunder In Nepal: glorious but inconclusive They are already in the business of blame-game. They are blaming the Maoists for collecting donations or recruiting people in their army. They are blaming not only other parties within the ruling coalition but also the other factions of their own parties. ....... The people on the street were demanding the establishment of a progressive democratic republic of Nepal, whereas they got the restoration of the parliament. The people fought for a long time for fundamental socio-political and economic transformation, whereas they got nothing which could substantially changes power relationships at the grassroots and above. ...... the polarization between the parliamentary forces and the Maoists sounds imminent. Hence, in all probability, the people have to live in a situation of civil war till the unjust upper class Khas rule becomes history.
• Let's share our feelings, ideas, thoughts and experiences

In The News

Deuba throws jumbo spanner in unity works Himalayan Times “Party unity is not possible just because a notice is published in newspapers or a few leaders of the party are handpicked. Everyone in the party should have a dignified place.” He said the party cadres need not worry that the party would be merged after securing places for a few leaders in the Nepali Congress. He added, “The betrayal that I received from Girija Babu is still fresh in my mind. I will never leave party cadres for the sake of party unification.” ..... “Maoists should be aware that the people will agitate against them if they do not give up terrorising the people at gun point.” ...... his party is for a federal system of government ...... “It is shameful that Madhesis living in Nepal for years have not been able to receive citizenship certificate,” Deuba said, adding, “The problem of citizenship should be solved prior to a constituent assembly poll.”
Why NC-NC (D) unity not materialising merger is possible only if NC President Girija Prasad Koirala agrees to go for a republican order. .... The restless faction is the one led by Chirangivi Wagle, Bal Bahadur KC and Purna Bahadur Khadka. ..... Dr Minendra Rijal, a close associate of Deuba, has been demanding that the NC first agree to go for a republican order. ...... Koirala could be silent on the issue just because the coterie around him is not yet prepared, Deuba is being probably held up by his aides who feel they have no future in the unified party. ...... those saying that Koirala should first agree to go for a republic should first tell Deuba to speak in favour of the republic.
Biratnagar bazaar shut in protest
Maoists violating truce code, says Nepal Maoists have continued extortions, abductions and other atrocities. ..... the summit talks between the government and the rebels would take place as soon as the ongoing meeting of the Maoists’ central committee concludes ...... the King will have to accept a democratic republican set-up. “If the King fails to agree to be a civilian, he will be a prisoner,” Gautam said.
Govt will hold free, fair assembly polls, says Sitaula the country would see an interim government by October 17.
Statute draft full of confusion: Rana Rana urged the government to hold elections to a constituent assembly only after the issue of citizenship certificates of the Madhesi community is settled. ...... incidents of robbery, murder, extortion and terrorism are taking place in broad daylight even in the capital .....

CA election not possible without arms management: Sitaula NepalNews “Constituent assembly election can be held only when people become able to feel secure. Constituent assembly is not possible before the arms are fully managed”
OHCHR calls upon the Govt. and Maoists to clarify status of disappeared people
DPM Oli meets Chinese PM in Beijing
Irregularities in government offices: AG
Royalties also possess Guthi land
NMVA warns to intensify protests its 10-point demands...... Chairman of NMVA, Dharma Raj Neupane ...... Neupane also warned that the upcoming protest could be a violent one ...... The NMVA asked the government to form a dialogue team, which could facilitate their dialogue with the Maoist leadership.

Life For Manisha Koirala Exists Beyond Films Bollywood Premiere It has been long time now Manisha Koirala's films are not hitting the theatres. So what she is doing now? "I have just come back from Nepal where I celebrated my birthday (August 16). My whole family got together and we had a lot of fun. I also renewed my passport there, which had expired. Actually, I renewed myself too!" she laughs. Talking on the films she explains, "I was never overtly ambitious. Work is a part of life and at one point, it was a very important part of my life, but life changes. I'll be an actor till I die but I won't go nuts because I am not in the news. Life for me exists beyond films." She also clarifies that her well-known Australian boyfriend is an Indian and he's just a friend. From current times, she admires actors - Konkona Sen Sharma, Irrfan Khan, KayKay and Paresh Rawal.
Most Maoist-hit states favour unified command Gulf Times the worst affected states - Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Andhra Pradesh - in particular had been seeking such a unified command to contain the rapid expansion of Maoist influence. ..... A meeting of 13 states has been convened in New Delhi August 30 to hold extensive discussions. ...... areas cordoned off by rebels through landmines

India thwarts Nepal's arms import bid Daily News & Analysis, India the aircraft carried "aircraft equipment and anti-aircraft missiles" ..... the aircraft was loaded with rifles, ammunition and anti-aircraft guns. ...... The development comes as a surprise since Nepal Finance Minister Ram Sharan Mahat had ruled out buying any more weapons or honouring earlier deals struck by King Gyanendra's regime that inflicted whopping losses on the state treasury and profited middlemen with links to the palace. ...... Also, since both the Girija Prasad Koirala government and the Maoist guerrillas have called a ceasefire and there are talks to slash the strength of the army as well as keep arms and soldiers under UN supervision, the attempt to buy military supplies is doubly strange. ...... The aircraft incident occurred on the eve of a high level Maoist meeting to discuss their strategy. ...... They feel that the Koirala government will not keep its promise to hold an election to choose between monarchy and a republic and have decided to launch an "October Revolution"
Nepal's clandestine deals Hindustan Times According to the weekly, the arms cache is part of a deal struck between King Gyanendra's regime and the manufacturers at a time Nepal's biggest arms provider, India, followed by the US, suspended lethal military supplies to show their disapproval of the king's power grab. ....... While New Delhi has been magnanimous, the other countries with whom the royal government made deals - usually at enormous profits for brokers, people close to the palace - have been demanding their pound of flesh and succumbing to various pressures, the government is reported to be carrying on with the agreements.
India detain aircraft heading for Nepal Times of India
India thwarts Nepal's arms import bid(LEAD) DailyIndia.com
Nepal's King May Face Questioning Over Imposing Emergency Rule Bloomberg
Nepal's star demonstrator dies in crash Gulf Daily News died after being hit by a motorcycle. ..... Chhaya Devi Parajuli was an ordinary member of the Nepali Congress ...... came to Kathmandu from her east Nepal village in 2002 when King Gyanendra first sacked the elected prime minister. ...... was hit several times by tear gas shells and water cannon and arrested 35 times for her anti-monarch protests
Bank to finance hydropower sector to be launched in Nepal People's Daily Online, China with an authorized capital of 640 million Nepali rupees (9.1 million US dollars) ..... promoters will secure 51 percent share,while foreign and corporate will hold 19 percent and the public will have 30 percent share

Govt must decide on CA elections date as soon as possible: Nepal Kantipur Publications the SPA should bring the issue of interim constitution to a conclusive decision immediately. ...... lambasted the government for being unable to control the present state of “anarchy and instability” in the country. ........ “A political setup, which will be agreeable to the Maoists, can be built only after the promulgation of the draft interim constitution by the parliament.” ...... The Maoists have, however been insisting that a broad political conference, which will be an alternative legislature to the present parliament, should be formed and the present draft interim constitution should be endorsed by the conference.
Oli assures Chinese premier of Nepal’s stance on One-China policy
Parliamentary committee discusses Civil Service Acts
Maoist-displaced hestitate to return
Rs 4.09b ADB grant for roads
सहिदको संख्या २५
हतियार व्यवस्थापन लगायतमा खट्छौं’
क्षतिप्रति एमालेद्वारा दुःख
अराजक तत्त्वहरूबाट सतर्क रहन अपिल
रेडियो सिन्धुलीगढीलाई अनुमति सिन्धुली जिल्लाको पहिलो सामुदायिक रेडियो 'सिन्धुलीगढी' लाई सरकारले मंगलबार प्रसारण अनुमतिपत्र -लाइसेन्स) दिएको छ । मानव विकास तथा वातावरण संरक्षण केन्द्र -हुडेक) ले सञ्चालन गर्ने १ सय वाट क्षमताको उक्त एफएम रेडियोलेे १०३.६ मेघाहर्च पि|mक्वेन्सी पाएको छ ।
जिवित शिसुलाई मृत घोषणा
प्रहरी चौकी पुनःस्थापन
एक नागरिक नेतृ
शैक्षिक पुनर्संरचना र बदलिएको परिवेश
इलामका गाउँमा कर्डलेसबाट सञ्चार सेवा
माओवादीद्वारा खाद्यान्नमा कर

Dishanirdesh, Oil Politics, Part 1, Part 2, Part 3