नेपाल लाई विश्व गुरु बनाउने नया जातीय व्यवस्था By Jay Sah

g]kfnnfO{ ljZju'¿ agfpg] gofF hftLo Joj:yf 

o; cWofodf tkfO{n] k|fKt ug'{x'g] dxTjk"0f{ hfgsf/Lx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ .

• ⎫ hftLo åGåsf] cjwf/0ff .
• ⎫ hflt Joj:yfsf] pTklQ .
• ⎫ hftLjfbsf l;¢fGtx¿ .
• ⎫ hflt Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/, ljsf;sf] ;doqmd / hftLo Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/sfcfwf/x¿ . -hft Joj:yfsf] pTklt slxn] eof] <_
• ⎫ hftLo Joj:yfsf] ljsf; rqm / r/0fx¿ .
• ⎫ 5't / c5't hftLo Joj:yfsf] ;'?jft .
• ⎫ hftLo Joj:yfsf] lj;+ult, Ifo / ktg .
• ⎫ cj}1flgs hftLo Joj:yfsf] xfnsf] tYofÍ . 
• ⎫ xfdLn] jt{dfg hflt Joj:yfaf6 lsg 5'6sf/f kfpg' k5{ / o;sf] ljsNk s] xf] <
• ⎫ xfdL hftLo Joj:yf / ;fdflhs ljefhgsf cGo ¿kx¿ klg lgd'{n x'g]u/L hftLo Joj:yfnfO{ lsg k"0f{ ¿kdf cGTo ub{}gf}F <
• ⎫ ;dfj]zL / k|ultzLn hflt Joj:yfsf] k|f?k s:tf] x'g'k5{ <
• ⎫ hftLo Joj:yfsf] klxrfg / 6«oflsª k|0ffnLsf] JofVof 
• ⎫ s'g} JolQmn] ;'wfl/Psf] hftLo Joj:yfdf pNn]v ul/P afx]s afx]s cGo j:t' pkef]u ul//x]sf] jf g/x]sf] af/]df s;/L klxrfg ug{] < lgltz s'df/ ;d]t dlb/f k|ltaGw ug{ c;kmn eP eg] xfdL s;/L ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;S5f}F <
• ⎫ gful/ssf] uf]klgotfsf] xs s;/L sfod x'G5 <  ;/sf/n] s;}n] s] vfG5 / s] lkpG5 eGg] ;a} tYofÍ ;Íng ug{' slt hfoh xf] <
• ⎫ gofF hft Joj:yf k|rngkl5 jt{dfg k|of]u ePsf] pkgfd  cyjf y/sf] k|of]usf] k|jGwdf s] x'G5 <
• ⎫ lxGb"x¿nfO{ hflt Joj:yf ;'wf/ lsg cfjZos 5 <
• ⎫ cDa]8s/sf ;a} cg'ofoLx¿n] %) jif{cl3 a'¢ wd{ u|x0f u/]sf] eP s] x'g ;SYof] <
• ⎫ s] cf/If0f Joj:yfn] hft k|yfaf6 ;[hgfePsf] ;d:of xn ug{ ;S5 <
• ⎫ k'/fgf] hftLo Joj:yfnfO{ ;'wfl/Psf] gofF Joj:yfn] s;/L lj:yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 <
• ⎫ of] gofF Joj:yfsf] nflu xfdLn] ;a}nfO{ hfu[t ug{ s:tf] k|sf/sf] cleofg ug]{ <
• ⎫ dn]R5 eg]sf] sf] xf] <

 

!_ hftLo åGå s] xf] / o;nfO{ s;/L ;dfwfg ug{] <

lxGb" wd{sf ljleGg ;d'bfox¿aLr j}rfl/s cl:tTj / k|ltlglwTjsf] ;3g åGå ljBdfg 5 . sd{sf] cfwf/df z'¿ePsf] j0f{ Joj:yf hGdsf] cfwf/df ?kfGtl/t x'bf ;dfhdf ljzfn ljt[i0ff, lje]b / la;ªultsf] ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . o;n] ;[lht u/]sf] jt{dfg Joj:yfaf6 &% k|ltzt eGbf al9 gful/s lg/fz / b'vL;d]t 5g\ . Tof] cj:yfsf] h8 / cfwf/ hftLo åGå xf] . of] hftLo k|yf nueu rf/ xhf/ jif{ k'/fgf] sfo{k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t / ;fdhnfO{ ljefhg pGd'v agfpg NofO{Psf] Ps v/fa / lalu|Psf] k|0ffnLaf6 pTkGg ePsf] k'0f{?kdf e|ddf cfwfl/t Joj:yf xf] . hftLo Joj:yf eg]sf] s]jn pRr hft / tNnf] hftaLrsf] ljefhg cyjf åGå dfq xf]Og . of] nfvf}F c;kmn ljjfx, cfTdxTof, ckdfgk"0f{ hLjg, cdfgjLo lje]b, pRrtd q'm/tf, bfOhf] cflb h:tf ljs[ltnfO{ dnhn ug]{ / ;dfhdf ¢0¢ a9fpg] cfwf/ klg xf] . xfdLn] clxn] ;Dd nueu rf/xhf/ jif{ o;}ul/ latfof}F  / ;s/fTds ;'wf/sf] nflu ca w]/} kv{g lxts/ x'b}g . ;dfhdf oL ;a} åGåx¿ ljBdfg 5g\ lsgeg] xfdLn] xfd|f] hflt Joj:yfdf ljut rf/ xhf/ jif{df s'g} ;'wf/ u/]gf}F . ;dfhnfO{ s]xL k/:k/ lj/f]wL ;d"xdf ljefhg ul/;s]sf] k"0f{tof e|fds, ¢0¢pGd'v / lav08gsf/L o:tf] ;fdflhs k|0ffnL ef/tdf s]xL nfv dfq hg;+Vof ePsf] / ;Dk"0f{ pkdxflåkdf lxGb" wd{ dfq Pp6} wd{ ePsf] a]nf z'?jft ul/Psf] lyof] . hftLo k|yf ;fdflhs ljefhgsf] Ps k'/fgf] k|0ffnL xf] h;n] ;dfhsf] ;fgf] hg;+Vofsf] nflu dfq sfd ub{5 . o;n] dflg;x¿ / ;d'bfo aLr zflGtk"0f{ ;fdflhs ;befj sfod ug'{sf] ;§f ;fdflhs ljefhg / åGå l;h{gf ug{ yk ;xh  cj:yf agfpF5 . k'FhLjfbn] auL{o Joj:yf;Fu} lgDTofPsf] hflt Joj:yfn] ef/tLo ;dfhnfO{ clws kIfdf ;fdflhs åGådf k'o{fPsf] 5 / Tof] 36\g'sf] ;f6f] lbgk|ltlbg a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

t;y{ hflt Joj:yf lsg cfljisf/ ul/Psf] lyof], cfhsf] ;dodf of] lsg ;fGble{s 5}g / o;sf] nflu pQd clg pko'Qm ;dfwfg cyjf k|lt:yfkg k|0ffnL s] xf] eGg] s'/f dgg ug'{ cfj:os x'G5 . 

hflt Joj:yfsf] pTklQ

ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf hflt Joj:yfsf] pTklQdfly tLg k|sf/sf bfaLd'ns JofVofx¿ b]lvG5g\ .  

!_ a|fXd0fx¿ åf/f ul/Psf] JofVof

@_ u}/a|fXd0fx¿ åf/f ul/Psf] JofVof

#_ ljb]zLx¿åf/f ul/Psf JofVof 

olb s;}n] clxn]sf k':ts e08f/ / k':tsfnox¿df uO{ jt{dfgdf pknAw ;flxTo cyjf cGo u|Gy jf ;fdflu|x¿ dfk{mt hflt Joj:yfsf] jf:tljs Oltxf; vf]Hg] k|of; uof]{ eg] s]jn c;kmntf cg'ej ug'{dfq x'G5 . lnkL / n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ nuQ} hftLo Joj:yfsf] z'?jft eof] . To;kl5sf] b'{OtLg xhf/ jif{;Dd n]vg k|0ffnLnfO{ cfljisf/ ug{] JolQmx¿n] of] gofF hftLo Joj:yf / o;sf] Oltxf; n]vgsf] clwsf/nfO{ k'0f{tof cfk\mgf] dfq lgoGq0fdf /fv]  . tLgxhf/ jif{sf] ;dofjlw eg]sf] dflg;x¿sf] nflu clen]v gePsf] / gul/Psf] Oltxf; la;{g ko{fKt ;do xf] . / olb s'g} s[lQd tyf cfwf/lxg syf Pj+ Oltxf; tLg xhf/ jif{ klxn] clen]lvt /x]5 eg] dflg;x¿n] Tof] syf cyjf JofVofx¿nfO{ dfq ;Tosf] ¿kdf ljZjf; ug{ ;'? ug{ / :yflkt agfpg ;d]t kof{Kt g} ;do xf] . To;}n] cfh xfdLn] hflt Joj:yfsf] af/]df h] klg kfpF5f}F tL clen]v / k|df0fx?df emG8} tLgxhf/ jif{ klxn] cfkm\gf] cfjZostf / ;jf]{Rrtf cg'¿k dfq ;a} s'/f n]Vg] a|fXd0fx¿n] n]v]sf n]vx¿nfO{ g} ;|f]tsf ?kdf lng'kg]{ jfWotf kb{5 . clxn]sf] @! cf}F ztfAbLdf pknAw cfw'lgs ;dfhsf] plrt ljZn]if0f, a;fOF;/fOsf] 9fFrf / s]xL ;fdfGo 1fgn] xfdLnfO{ xhf/f}+ jif{b]lv al~rt u/fO{Psf  km/s ;Totf a'e\mg eg] lgs} ;xh x'G5 .

 

s]xL pknAw tyfslyt hflt l;¢fGtx¿ 

!_ cfo{g / ›ljl8og hflt l;¢fGt

cfo{–›lj8 l;¢fGt cfwf ;To / cfwf unt l;¢fGt xf], / o;sf] hflt Joj:yf;Fu s'g} ;DaGw 5}g . xhf/f}F jif{ klxn] ha dflg;x¿n] t/jf/sf] cfljisf/ u/] ta sltkon] ;dfhnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{] ;Gbe{df t/jf/sf] zlQmnfO{ clenDj / b't|¿kdf a'em]sf lyP . clg pgLx¿n] t/jf/sf] ;xf/fdf zlQm k|fKt ug{ cGo /fHox¿ 3'Dg yfn] . t/jf/kl5 n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ gx'bf;Dd csf]{ s]xL ;of}F jif{ gofF s'g} zlQmzfnL dfWod jf xltof/sf] cfljisf/ ePg . w]/} kl5 dflg;x¿n] sndsf] cfljisf/ u/] . sndsf] zlQm a'em]sf tTsflng s]xL JolQmx¿n] sndsf] sf/0f zlQm k|fKt ug{ ljleGg If]qdf a;fO{;/fO{ u/] clg n]Vg] lzk tyf bIftf ePs} sf/0f cfk"mnfO{ lzlIft k'hf/L, Oltxf;sf/ / clwsf/Lx¿sf ¿kdf :yflkt u/] . k};fsf] cfljisf/df ;d]t ;dfg cj:yf aGof] . dflg;x¿n] k};fsf] cfljisf/ u/] . ;a} t xf]Og t/ dflg;x¿sf s]xL ;d"xn] k};fsf] zlQmnfO{ c?eGbf klxn] g} a'em]sf lyP . To;}n] k};fsf] zlQmnfO{ klxn] a'em]sf dflg;x¿ k};fsf] zlQm b]vfP/ cfk\mgf] clei7 k"/f ug{ ljleGg If]qdf afl;Gbf aGg uP . t/jf/ ePsfx¿nfO{ cfo{ / If]qL, snd ePsfx¿nfO{ a|fXd0f clg k};fsf nflu jf sf/0fn] a;fOF ;/]sfx¿nfO{ df/jf8L elgGYof] . o;/L a;fO{;/]/ cfPsf tLg}j6f ;d'x tTsflng ›lj8x¿sf] ax';+Vos hg;+Vof ePsf If]qsf cfk|jf;L x'g\ . ltgLx¿ ;a} ›lj8 ;Eotfdf a;fOF ;/]sf lyP h'g ›lj8 ;Eotf u+uf ;Eotf / blIf0f ef/tLo If]qdf ljsl;t ljzfn / lj/f6 ;Eotf xf] . O:nfd ;d'bfon] ;a} cfo{ / a|fXd0fx¿sf] ;+:s[lt, Oltxf; / pTklQsf] j0f{g ul/Psf] l;+w' ;Eotfsf ;a} clen]vx¿ ;d]t lgoGq0fdf lnP . df/jf8Lx¿sf] Oltxf;, ;+:s[lt / clen]vx¿ eg] cem} klg cIf'0f 5g\ lsgeg] d'l:ndx¿n] tL l5d]sLx¿nfO{ w]/} xflg k'{ofpg ;s]gg\ .

@_ dl:tisaf6 a|fXd0f, kfv'/faf6 If]qL, lt3|faf6 j}Zo / v'§faf6 z'› pTkGg ePsf x'g\ elgG5 .

of] efio a|fXd0fn] cfk\mgf] ar{:jsf] bfaLnfO{ ;dy{g ug{sf nflu tof/ kf/]sf] k"0f{tof em'6f] syf xf] . ;a}sf] pTklQ cfdfafa'sf] z'qmsL6 / l8DaaLrsf] ;dfudaf6 ePsf] xf] . k/dfTdf a|+xaf6 cfTdf afx]s s]xL cfpFb}g . a|+xhLsf] j/bfgaf6 dftfsf] ue{df cfTdfn] dfq ofqf u5{ .

#_ sd{sf08, ;]gf, Jofkf/ / >d h:tf sfddf cfwfl/t hftLo ljefhg .

of] a'e\mgeGbf klxn] xfldn] Pp6f emfqmL / a|fXd0faLrsf] leGgtf yfxf kfpFbf ;lhnf] x'G5 . cflbd ;dfh / k|flrg k|rngdf k9\g n]Vg ghfGg] hf] sf]xL klg emfqmL x'grflxF ;Sy] eg] dGq k9\g / n]Vg;d]t cEo:t ePsfx¿dfq a|fXd0f sxlnGy] . n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ x'g' cl3, cfj:os l/ltl/jfh tyf k'hfcr{gfsf ;+:sf/x¿ yfxf kfPsf] v08df h'g;'s} kl/jf/af6 hf] sf]xL klg emfqmL aGg ;Sy] . o:tf lgodx¿ cem} klg clk|msL b]zx¿df ljBdfg 5g\ . of] k|fs[lts lgod g} xf] . l;Gw' pkTosf cfwfl/t ;Eotfdf n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ ePkl5 dfq a|fXd0f zAbsf] pTklQ eof] . l;Gw'af6 la/f6 u+uf ;Eotfdf uP/ j;fO{;/]sfx¿ cfkm"nfO{ a|fXd0f eGg yfn] . l;Gw' ;Eotfaf6 a|fXd0fx¿sf] a;fO{;/fO{ cl3 k|To]s /fHodf xhf/f}+ k'hf/Lx¿ lyP . a|fXd0f zAbsf] k|of]u x'g'eGbf cufj} k]zfut sfo{ ljefhg, ;]gf, Jofkf/ / >dsf] cl:tTj lyof] eg]/ ljZjdf xhf/f}F k|df0fx¿ 5g\ . s'g} cf}krfl/s gfd / klxrfg lbg'kg]{ clGtd hftrflxF a|fXd0f lyof] . If]qL, j}Zo / z'›sf] cl:tTj a|fXd0f hflt / hflt Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ x'g'cl3 b]lvg} :yflkt lyof] . If]qL zf;s ePsf] ;dfhdf If]qL, j}Zo / z'› ;xcl:tTjk'0f{ ;Ddfgsf ;fy a;f]af; uy{] . ToxfF j}Zo / z'› aLr s'g} hftLo e]befj jf ljefhg lyPg .  lxGb" wd{sf rf/ j0f{sf ¿kdf a|fXd0f, If]qL, j}Zo / z'› eg]/ tf]lsg' jf gfdfs/0f ug'{ k'j{ g} tL vfnsf sfo{ ljefhgx¿ ;dfhdf :yflkt lyP . 

hflt Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ slxn] ePsf] xf] <

o;nfO{ a'e\mgsf] nflu xfdLn] of] ;TonfO{ :jLsf/ ug{'k5{ ls ;+:s[t g} ljZjsf] klxnf] efiff xf] / ef/tLo pkdxfåLksf afl;Gbfx¿n] ;a}eGbf klxn] n]vg k|0ffnLsf] z'?jft u/] . ;a}nfO{  of] ;To :jLsf/ ug{ c;xh xf]nf xf]nf, t/ oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ ;+:s[t efiffsf] k|of]u cfk}\m nf]k eof]  . ;To of] xf] ls n]vg k|0ffnL ;+:s[tdfq af]lng] /fHodf a:g] dflg;x¿n] cfljisf/ u/]sf] x'gfn] af]lnrflnsf] ;+:s[t efiffrflxF lj:tf/} nf]k eof] . o;sf] jf:tljstf af/] hfGg' ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . k|frLg sfndf n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ x'g'cl3 ljleGg efiff af]lng] /fHox¿ lyP t/ oL ;a}nfO{ Pscsf{aLr 7"nf] b"/L / 3gf hËnn] 5'6\ofPsf] lyof] . Tolt a]nf g]kfnL, lxGbL, pb'{ h:tf efiffsf] ljsf; e};s]sf] lyPg . tL k'/fgf / b'/df cjl:yt /fHox¿df a+ufnL, d}lynL, ef]hk'/L, u'h/ftL, tfldn, t]n]u', dnofnd, k~hfaL, ;+:s[t, pl8of, xl/of0fjL, sGg8, /fh:yfgL cflb lyP . ;+:s[t efiff af]Ng] /fHosf dflg;x¿ n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/kl5 ;flxTo, wd{ / lzIffsf] k|rf/k|;f/ / k|jw{gdf 7"nf] eljio clg ;Defjgf b]v]/ ljleGg lbzfdf a;fOF ;/] . h:tf] ls k|To]s efifL ;d'bfodf sl/j Ps nfv afl;Gbf lyP eg] kfFr cyjf 5 xhf/ hltsf] ;+Vofdf ;+:s[tefifLx¿ ;+:s[t efifL ;d'bfoaf6 cGo efiff afNg] ;d'bfosf] afx'Notf ePsf] km/s km/s /fHodf a;fOF ;/]sf lyP . kl/0ffdtM nueu Ps Nffv a/fa/sf] a+ufnL, d}lynL, u'h/ftL cflb efifL ;d'bfodf s]jn kfFr cyjf 5 xhf/ dfq} ;+:s[t af]Ng] dflg;x¿ ldl;Psfn] oL ;+:s[t afNg]x¿n] cfk\mgf] dft[efiff u'dfP . t/ olx ;dov08df cGo ;a} ;d'bfon] b]jgfu/LnfO{ cfkm\gf] dft[lnlksf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/] . oxL sf/0fn] af]lnrfnLsf] ;+:s[t efiff nf]k eof] t/ b]jgfu/L lnlkrflxF ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf l5§} Jofks aGof] . ;+:s[t dft[efiff af]Ng] ;d'bfodf afFsL /x]sf dflg;x¿n] klg of] efiffnfO{ km:6fpg ;Sy] . t/ pgLx¿ ;d]t l;+xf;gsf] nf8fO{sf nflu ljleGg :yfgLo /fhfx?aLr ePsf o'¢x¿n] /  O:nflds cfqmd0fsf] sf/0fn] ltt/ljt/ x'g k'u] / clt cNk;+Vos eP / cGTodf eflifs klxrfg ;d]t u'dfP . 

n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/sf sf/0f a|fXd0fx¿sf] ljrf/sf] cfljisf/ eof] .

n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ x'g' cl3 ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf ljleGg efifLx¿ ePsf ;o eGbf a9L ;fgf;fgf /fHox¿ lyP . hxfF cfwf/e't k'hfkf7sf] ;+:sf/ / k|rng hfGg] yf]/} dflg;x¿nfO{ pgLx¿ h'g;'s} kl/jf/df hlGdPsf] eP klg k'hf/L÷emfqmLsf] sfd lbOGYof] . k|To]s /fHodf of] rng cljl5Gg lyof] . t/ Pp6f /fHo hxfFsf] dft[efiff ;+:s[t lyof] To;n] n]vg l;ksf] cfljisf/ uof]{ . To;kl5 dft[efiff ;+:s[t ePsf] Tof] /fHosf k'hf/Lx¿n] cfk\mgf wfld{s cg'i7fg, l/tLl/jfh / k|rngx?nfO{ dGq / cGo k|flrg u|Gyx¿sf ¿kdf atfpFb} tL ;a}nfO{ ;+:s[t lnlkdf n]lv clen]lvs/0f ug{ yfn] . To;}a]nf cGo /fHosf k'hf/Lx¿n] eg] k'/fgf] df}lns ;+:sf/nfO{ k5\ofO/x]sf lyP . kl5 ;+:s[t eflifsf] /fHoaf6 lzlIft k'hf/Lx¿ tL cGo ;oeGbf al9 ljljw eflifsf] /fHodf a;fOF ;/]sf lyP / ToxfF pgLx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ a|fXd0f eg]/ lrgfpg yfn] . tL k|jf;L lzlIft k'hf/Lx¿ -clxn]sf a|fXd0fx¿_ n] j;fO{ ;/]sf ;a} /fHosf yf]/ ax't :yfgLo af]nL tyf efiff ckgfP t/ abnfdf pgLx¿n] tL ;a} /fHox¿df lnlvt sfdsfhsf] nflu ;+:s[t lnlk / efiff clgjfo{ agfO{lbP .

If]qL, j}Zo / z'›x¿ eg] a|fXd0fx¿sf] cfudg cl3b]lv g} tL ;dfhdf a;f]af; uy]{ . a|fXd0f cfPkl5 dfq pgLx?n] cfk\mgf] k]zf /f]h]sf eg] xf]Ogg\ . t/ a|fXd0fx¿sf] cfudg / lzIff k|0ffnL kl5 of] k|rng cem km/s / lj:tfl/t eof] . n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ kl5 l;Gw' ;Eotfaf6 u+uf / ef/tsf] cGo ;Eotfdf a;fOF ;/]sf zfsfxf/L k'hf/Lx¿;Fu dGqsf] cjwf/0ff / lnlkx¿ ;d]t cfot ePsf lyP . oL lzlIft k'hf/Lx¿n] clzlIft k'hf/LnfO{ k|lt:yfkg u/] / pgLx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ a|fXd0f ePsf] bfaL u/] . lzlIft, zfsfxf/L a|fXd0fx¿ a;fOF ;bf{;Dd ;a} hfltx¿ sfd, k]zf, Joj;fo / hflu/sf ;jfndf Pscs{f;Fu ;xsfo{df lyP . t/ cfk|jf;L k'hf/Lx¿rflxF :yfgLox¿;Fu gldl;P/ cfkm\gf] klxrfgnfO{ km/s / ljlzi7 ePsf] b]vfpg ?rfpFy] . o; cfzon] ubf{ sfnGt/df Pp6} hftdf dfq ljjfxsf] cjwf/0ff ljsl;t eof] .

lgisif{M n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ x'g'eGbf cufl8 geO{ n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ kl5dfq tTsflng ;d'bfosf] ljBdfg ;d"xeGbf aflx/af6 cfPsf] k|jf;L ;d'xn] hftLo Joj:yfsf] z'?jft u/fPsf] xf] . o;sf] s'g} Psdfq ldltsf] af/]df Plsg ug{ Tolt ;xh 5}g lsgls Ps /fHoaf6 ;Dk"0f{ ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf k"0f{ ¿kdf hflt Joj:yfsf] cjwf/0ff agfpg / cEof; km}nfpg s]xL ;o jif{ t cj:o nfUof] xf]nf .

hftLo Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ lsg eof] <

s]jn  ;dfhnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ Pp6f cf}hf/ rflxG5 eGg] 7fg]/ g} a|fXd0fx¿n] hflt Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ u/]sf eg] xf]Ogg\ . Tof] t ;dosf] cfjZostf ;d]t lyof] . Pp6f dfq ;d:of of] aGg k'Uof] ls pgLx¿n] s7f]/ hflt k|0ffnL cfljisf/ u/] h;df dflg;x¿n] hft cg';f/sf] tf]lsPsf] tTsflns cfr/0f 5f]8\g ;S5g\ t/ gofF cfr/0f cg'z/0f ubf{ gofF hftdf ;fd]n x'g eg] ;Sb}gg\ . of] s'/f xfdL kl/jf/;lxt ljb]z ;o/df cyjf j;fO{df x'Fbf /fd|f];Fu a'em\g ;lsG5 . clxn]sf] cd]l/sf tLgxhf/ jif{ klxn]sf] ef/t h:tf] cfk|jf;L e'ld xf] . oxfF klg ToxL k|0ffnL ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5 . Ps u'h/ftL csf]{ u'h/ftL kl/jf/ leq dfq lax] ug{ rfxG5, Ps k~hfaL s]jn k~hfaL ;d'xdf dfq ljjfx ug{ rfxG5, Ps g]kfnL klg ldn];Dd Ps g]kfnL kl/jf/df dfq ljjfx ug{ rfxG5 . cfo{x¿ nufot a|fXd0fx¿ hf] xhf/ jif{ klxn] cfkm\gf] dft[e"ldaf6 cfPsf lyP cyjf pgLx¿sf] dft[e"ld;Fu s'g} ;DaGw lagf a;fOF ;/]sf lyP, pgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] klxrfg hLljt /fVgsf] nflu Pp6} ;d'bfodf ljjfx ug{' jfWotf lyof] . oxL sf/0fn] pgLx¿nfO{ gofF ;fd'bflos Joj:yf jf hftLo Joj:yfsf] lgd{f0ftkm{ 8f]of{of] . cfhsn k|ljlw olt pRrultdf ljsl;t ePsf] 5 ls xfdL s]xL lbgs} ofqfdf g} cd]l/sf b]lv g]kfn jf ef/t ;Ddk'uL lax] ug{ / kms{g ;S5f}F . @))) jif{cl3 Tof] cj:yf lyPg . To; ;do Ps} k6sdf :yfoL a;fOF;/fO{ x'GYof] . dft[e'ld lt/ k'g M kms{]/ cfpg ;Dej lyPg . o;}n] xfdL ;lhn} cg'dfg ug{ ;S5f}F ls hftLo Joj:yf d'Votof b'O{j6f p2]Zosf nflu aGof] . dlxnfsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu / Pp6} cfxf/ ;+/rgf ePsf dflg;x¿sf] ;d'bfo lgdf{0fsf] nflu o;sf] z'?jft eof] lsgsL dflg;nfO{ w]/} ;d"xdf ljeflht ug{ To;;do wd{ nufotsf cGo s'g} cEof; ;dfhdf ljBdfg lyPgg\ . t];|f] eg]sf] >]i7tfsf] x}sdafhL rnfpg' xf] . 

s_ dlxnfx¿sf] ;'/Iff Pj+ ;'ljwf / ljjfxsf] p2]Zosf nflu 

tnsf b'O{j6f a'Fbfx¿n] ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf w]/} Jofks /x]sf] k/Dk/fut dflu ljjfxsf] ;xhLs/0f / ;'ljwfsf pb]:on] hflt Joj:yf s;/L lgd{f0f ul/Psf] lyof] egL JofVof u5{ .

c_ rf]/L ljjfxaf6 s]6Lx¿sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu M hftLo Joj:yf /lxt k|frLg ;dodf Ps s]6fn] sf]xL s]6L;Fu ljjfx ug{ / csf]{ ufpFdf uP/ k'g M csf}{ s]6L;Fu ljjfx ug{ k'/fk'/ 5'6 / ;xh ;d]]t lyof] . lsgeg] k'/fgf] hdfgfdf h'g;'s} kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ hf];'s};Fu klg ljjfx ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf lyof] . ToxfF s'g} ljjfx btf{ / /]sl8{ª k|0ffnL lyPg . To;}n] hft / hftLo Joj:yfsf cu'jfO{ ug]{ dflg; dfq ToxfF pknAw /]sl8{ª k|0ffnLsf ?kdf sfd uYo]{ lsgsL o;af6 abdfz s]6fx?af6 x'g;Sg] 7uL jf e'm6 ljjfx /f]Sgs nfuL ;xof]u x'GYof] .  o; jfWotfn] lglZrt uof]{ ls s'g} s]6fn] Pp6} hftsf dflg;x¿;Fu dfq ljjfx ug'{kg]{5 . Pp6} hftsf ;o hgf / ToxL hftsf y'k|} dfGohgsf] hGtL lnP/ Pp6} hftsf aw'nfO{ ljjfxf ubf{ pQm ;d'xsf ;a}nfO{ ljjfx ePsf] s'/f yfxf kfpg ;xh x'GYof] . Pp6f hftsf] dfGohgn] cGo !) km/s hftsf dfGhg;Fu ;Dk{s / ;DjGw /fVYof] . o;sf] cy{ s] xf] eg] tL dfGohg k'/ftg ;dosf 8f6f ;]G6/ lyP h;nfO{ clxn] sDKo'6/ / ;/sf/L sfo{non] lj:yflkt u/]sf] 5 .

 

cf_ ljjfxkl5 s]6Lx¿nfO{ åGåaf6 6f9f /fVg M ;dfhdf ;lbof}Fb]vL ljleGg k|sf/sf cfxf/ ;+/rgf / lgod ePsf dflg;x¿ lyP / cem} 5g\  . sf]xL df;' vfb}gg\, sf]xL s'v'/f vfG5g\, sf]xL s'v'/f vfb}gg\, sf]xL v;Lafv|f vfG5g\, sf]xL ;'Fu'/sf] df;' vfG5g\, sf]xL uf}dftf df+;xf/ u5{g\ . hft / s'n b]jtfn] ljleGg ;+:s[ltsf s]6Lx¿nfO{ cGo km/s ;+:s[ltdf c;xh jftfj/0f gk/f];\ egL ;'lglZrt ug{] ub{y] . cGoyf o;n] dlxnflj?¢ lx+;fsf] ;Defjgf k}bf ug{;SYof]  .

O_ klxrfg hf]ufpg M dfly j0f{g ul/P cg';f/ Tof] k'/ftg ;dodf a;fO;/fO eg]sf] dft[e"ld;Fu s'g} ;DaGw / k'g{cfudg gePsf] s]jn PstkmL{ a;fO;/fO lyof] . pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhs klxrfgnfO{ cIf'0f /fVgsf] nflu Pp6} ;d'bfodf ljjfx ug{' cfjZos lyof] . / o;}n] pgLx¿n] hflt Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ u/] .

dlxnfsf] ;'/Iffsf nflu hftLo Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ / k|j{wg ul/Psf] xf] . t/ of] PstkmL{ 9f]sf ePsf] 3/ h:tf] ¿kdfdfq agfOPsf] lyof] h'g aflx/ dfq v'N5, leq vf]lnb}g . dflg;n] hft cg';f/sf] cfr/0f 5f]8\g ;S5, t/ gofF cfr/0f cg';f/ csf]{ hftdf hf]l8g ;Sb}g . ca gful/ssf ;a} tYof+s /fVg]  / cWofjlws ug]{ Joj:yf tyf ;Ifdtf gePsf] k'/fgf] /fHosf] Joj:yfsf] cj:yf 5}g . bz xhf/ dfOn 6f9f ePsf hgtfsf] klg tYof+s /fVg];Sg] j[xt ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ff / cEof; :yflkt e};s]sf 5g\ . o:tf] ljsf;qmdsf sf/0f k'/fgf] hft Joj:yf cg'kof]uL / c;kmn eO{;s]sf] 5 . ca cfxf/sf] cfwf/df gofF hft Joj:yfsf] lgdf{0fdfq jf:tljs nf]stflGqs hft Joj:yf x'g]5 . o;n] ubf{ s;}nfO{ klg hftLo klxrfg n'sfpg' kg]{, tf]8df]8 ug'{kg]{ / To;df lxgtfjf]w ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfpg] 5}g . 

Vf_ Pp6} cfxf/ ;+/rgfsf] ;d'x:t/df /xg 

xfdLn] s] vfG5f}F  / s;/L vfG5f}F eGg] s'/fn] klg xfd|f] hflt Joj:yfnfO{ 7"nf] k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 . cfhsf] ;Gbe{df of] clns ck|f;+lus nfUg ;S5 t/ ha xfdLn] dfgj Jojxf/ / vfB ;|f]tsf] Oltxf;sf] ljsf;sf] cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg u5f}{F To;avt xfdL of] ;lhn} a'e\mg]5f}F . ;doqmdsf] cfwf/df o;nfO{ $ r/0fdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .

c_ Tof] ;do cjlw hltv]/ dflg;x¿n] obfsbf h+unL sGbd'n, kmnk'mn tyf ljz]ifu/L lzsf/df dfg{ ;Sg] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] hgfj/ vfGy], agljxf/ uy]{, al:tdf xf]Og h+undf g} a:y] .

cf_ Tof] ;do cjlw hltv]/ dflg;x¿n] ;fgf ;d'bfox¿sf] ljsf;qmd ;'? u/] / ltgLx¿n] ck\mgf jl/kl/ ;fgf 3/kfn'jf hgfj/x¿ kfNg yfn] . vfgfsf] cEof; lzsf/dfq af6 3/kfn'jf hgfj/sf] lzsf/ clg kmnkm"ndf ;d]t ul/ tLgj6} cEof;sf] cjnDjgdf kl/jt{g eof] .

O_ To;kl5sf] ;do cjlw ha dflg;x¿n] v]tLkftL ug{ yfn] / vfB Jojxf/ tyf cfr/0f lzsf/, 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ / kmnkm"naf6 s[lifdf kl/jt{g eof] . yf]/f} dfqdf 3/kfn'jf hgfj/, Ps bd lj/n}dfqdf cyjf lzsf//lxt cfr/0fsf] cEof; z'?jft eof] .

O{_ zfsfxf/jfbsf] cfudg / 5gf}6 ul/Psf] lglZrt 3/kfn'jf hgfj/dfqsf] lzsf/ vfg] vfg] cEof;sf] ;do cjlw hltv]/ Ps JolQmn] cGo k|sf/sf] df;' vfg] dflg;x¿;Fu c;xh cg'ej ug{ / 6f9f /xg yfn]sf] ;do .

o; af/]df s'g} clen]lvt ul/Psf] Oltxf; t 5}g, t/ d cfZj:t x'g ;S5' ls dfly pNn]v ul/P cg';f/ ;dfhsf] ljsf;qmddf t];|f] r/0f ;Dd s'g} hftLo lje]b lyPg . t];|f] r/0f;Dd h'g;'s} hftsf dflg;n] h'g;'s} hftsf dflg;;Fu ljjfx ug{ / vfgf vfg ;xh dxz'if ug]{ cj:yf lyof] . zfsfxf/jfbsf] cfudg;Fu} s]jn 5gf}6 ul/Psf k|sf/sf dfq 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ df;+xf/ -h:t} s;}n] v;L vfg] t/ s'v'/f / ;'Fu'/ gvfg], s;}n] v;L / s'v'/f vfg] t/ ;'Fu'/ gvfg], s;}n] v;Lafv|f  s'v'/f / ;'Fu'/sf] df;' vfg] t/ uf}dftf df+;fxf/ gug]{, s;}n] v;Lafv|f s'v'/f / ufO{sf] df;' vfg] t/ ;'Fu'/ df+;fxf/ gug]{, / s;}n]rflxF s's'/afx]s ;a} k|sf/sf df+;xf/ ug]{_ ug]{ Jojxf/sf sf/0fn] dflg;x¿n] Pscsf{k|ltsf] cfk\mgf] b[li6sf]0f kl/jt{g ug{ yfn] . Ps ;do lyof] hltv]/ l;Gw' ;Eotfaf6 u+uf ;Eotfdf a;fO{ uPsf ;t k|ltzt a|fXd0f zfsfxf/L lyP . of] tYofÍ clxn] $–% k|ltztdf dfq l;ldt 5 . s'v'/fsf] df;' vfg] JolQmn] s's'/sf] df;' vfg] JolQm;Fu Pp6} 6]andf j;]/ vfgf vfg rfxFb}g . of] ;fdflhs Jojxf/n] xfdLnfO{ af]w u/fpg] 5 ls lsg dflg;x¿ Pp6} ljrf/wf/fsf ;d'bfo / ;dfg vfnsf] hLjgcfr/0f ePsf] ;dfh vf]H5g\ . cfxf/ lj1fg Pp6} ljrf/wf/fsf] nflu w]/} kIfdWo] Ps k|wfg vf]hL xf] .

u_ >]i7tfsf] x}sd hdfpg

ha dflg;x¿n] hflt Joj:yfsf] af/]df ;f]Rg yfn], ta pgLx¿n] hftLo Joj:yfdf ljrf/ / Jojxf/x¿sf] ;ld>0f u/fpg yfn] tfls a|fXd0f Pj+ If]qL hftn] pkNnf] ;fdflhs x}l;ot k|fKt ub}{ zLif{ :yfgdf /xg ;s'g\ clg cGo hftx¿nfO{ tNnf] l:yltdf 5f8\b} Tof] ;d'xdfly x}sd / k|efj hdfpg ;s'g .

hflt Joj:yfsf] ljsf;qmd 

dfgj hËnL o'uaf6 aflx/ lgl:sP kl5 ljgf s'g} /f]dfGrs cfljisf/ xhf/ jif{;Dd  v]tLdf cfwfl/t cflbd ;dfhdf /xof] . 

!_ dfgjn] s]xL ;fgf cf}hf/x¿ nufot t]n, sk8f, df5fkfng, jfOg/L h:tf Joj;fox¿ cfljisf/;Fu}  k'hf/L -a|fXd0f xf]Og_ / ;d'bfosf g]tfx¿ -of]¢fx¿ xf]Og_ sf] ljsf; u/] . hf] sf]xLnfO{ klg cfk\mgf] OR5fsf] cfwf/df s'g} klg j}wflgs k]zf ;'? ug{ k'0f{ Ohfht  lyof] . xhf/f}F jif{b]lv cjnDjg ePsf] hGdhftsf] kfl/jfl/s k]zfsf] sf/0fn] s;}nfO{ klg cfkmgf] O{R5f nfu]sf] hflu/ cyjf Joj;fodf ;DnUg /xgnfO{ afwf lyPg . 

@_ dfgjn] wft' lj1fg / xltof/x¿ cfljisf/ u/] t/ %)) b]vL xhf/ jif{sf] nflu s'g} gofF cGo cfljisf/ lagf ;dfhnfO{ rnfodfg agfP . zf;s au{ ;DjlGw ljrf/sf] ljsf;qmdn] ;dfhdf If]qL ;d'bfosf] lgdf{0f eof] . 

#_ dflg;n] k};f cfljisf/ uof]{ h;n] qmo laqmosf] ljrf/ tyf Jojxf/sf] ljsf; u/fof] . h'g cGtt M kfr b]vL bz;o ;Dd jif{sf] cjlwdf Jokf/L ju{ jf j}Zo ;d'bfosf] lgdf{0fdf kl/0ft eof] . 

$_ dfgjn] cfljisf/ u/]sf] n]vg k|0ffnLn] a|fXd0f gfds gofF hft u7g uof]{ . ltgLx¿n] kl5 ;fdflhs ljefhgsf] cfk'm;'xfpFbf] clen]v k|:t't u/] h'g sfdsf cfwf/df xf]Og hGdsf cfwf/df lgwf{l/t eof] .

dflysf] 36gfqmdaf6 xfdL ;lhn} cg'dfg nufpg ;S5fF} ls xfd|f k'vf{x¿n] lgd{f0f u/]sf] k|flrg cyjf cflbd ;Eotfsf] sl/a tLg xhf/ jif{kl5 ;Dd klg hftLo Joj:yf cl:tTjdf cfPsf] lyPg . / rfF8} of] k]zf cyjf sfd cfwfl/t k|0ffnLaf6 hGd cfwfl/t k|0ffnLdf ljs[t ¿kfGt/0f eof] . tkfO{ xfdLnfO{ nfUg ;S5 hftLo Joj:yfsf] cEof; x'g xhf/f}F jif{ nfUof], To;}n] xfdL s;/L 5f]6f] ;dodf hftLo Joj:yf cGTo ug{ ;S5f}F / < t/ of] unt j'emfO{ xf] . hftLo Joj:yfsf] ljrf/ s'g} Ps a|fXd0faf6 NofOPsf] x'g ;S5 / s'g} Ps /fHodf /fhfdfk{mt nfu" u/fO{Psf] jf afWosf/L kfl/Psf] x'g;S5  . To;kl5 /fhfn] ;DjlGwt /fHodf hftLo Joj:yfnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf clen]lvt hftLo cEof;sf ?kdf ;+:yfut ug{ s]xL ;ftfleq} nfu" ul/;s]sf x'g ;S5g\ . of] Pp6f /fHodf km}lng s]xL jif{ nfu]sf] x'g;S5 / nueu !)) jif{sf] ;dodf x/]s /fHodf k}mlnPsf] x'g;S5 / To;kl5 of] xhf/f}F jif{ cyjf clxn];Dd cl:tTjdf /x]sf] 5 . dtnj, hftLo Joj:yfsf] cjwf/0ff b'O{ jif{df g} aGof] t/ k|rf/k|;f/ x'g / ;a}lt/ k}mngrflxF ;o jif{ nfUof] . z'?jft b]vL cGo If]qdf k}mng s]xL bzsdfq nfu]sf] hftLo Joj:yf xhf/f}+ jif{;Dd l6s]sf] 5 . ca o;nfO{ k|lt:yfkg ug{] ;do eof] . xf], ;xL / ;d'lrt tof/L u/]df k"j{ tof/L ;do afx]s s/Lj b'O{b]vL tLg jif{df hftLo Joj:yf kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsG5 . ;Dk"0f{  k|0ffnL / sfo{ljlw lgd{f0f ug{ b]z}el/ yk tLg jf rf/ jif{ nfUg ;S5 .

n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/, a|fXd0fx¿sf] cfljisf/ / pgLx¿sf] ;fd"lxs a;fOF;/fOsf] cfwf/df hftLo Joj:yfsf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ b'O{ r/0fdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 .

!_ a|fXd0f ;d'bfo u7g x'g' cl3 l;Gw' ;Eotf / u+uf ;Eotfsf] hftLo Joj:yf

dflg;x¿df sfdsf] ljefhg lyof] t/ pgLx¿sf cfdfafa'n] jf j+zn] k/Dk/fut ¿kdf Tof] sfd ul//x]sf] sf/0fn] k|To]s k':tfdf Pp6} sfd ug{kg]{ afWotf st} lyPg . dflg;x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfd / k]zfsf] k|s[lt 5gf}6 / lg0f{o ug{] k"0f{ :jtGqtf lyof] / pgLx¿nfO{ Ps hftaf6 csf]{ hftdf ljjfx ug{ klg s'g} /f]sfj6 lyPg .

@_ l;Gw' ;Eotf / u+uf ;Eotfdf a|fXd0f ;d'xsf] u7gkl5sf] hflt Joj:yf  

c_ O:nflds cfqmd0f k"j{sf] cj:yf M l;Gw' ;Eotfaf6 cGo ;Eotfdf a|fXd0fx¿sf] a;fOF;/fOsf] ;fy ;'?jft ePsf] hflt Joj:yf . o; sfnv08df hftLo Joj:yf sd{sf] cfwf/df :yflkt eof] .

cf_ O:nflds zf;g ;dosf] Joj:yf M  a|fXd0fx¿ l;Gw' ;Eotfaf6 u+uf ;Eotfdf a;fOF ;g{] qmd /f]lsPkl5sf] / s;}nfO{ klg pgLx¿sf] sfdsf] cfwf/df gofF hft lgwf{/0f gul/Psf] ;dosf] hflt Joj:yf . o; sfnv08df ;a} hfthflt hGdhftsf cfwf/n] lgwf{l/t x'g]u/]sf lyP .

O_ la|l6; sfnv08sf] Joj:yf M k'FhLjfb / hflt Joj:yf ;d]tnfO{ ldnfP/ yk c;Gt'i6 / ¢0¢pGd'v ;dfhsf]  lgdf{0f ub}{ pRr / tNnf] hftdf ljefhg ul/Psf] ;do .

O{_ a]nfotL k|0ffnL kl5sf] cj:yf M clxn] ;x/ / d]6«f]lt/ w]/} dflg;x¿ a;fOF ;/]sf 5g\ . d]uf l;6Lx¿df a:g] gofF k':tf hftsf] af/]df vf;} ;/f]sf/ /fVb}gg\ . t/ u|fdL0f If]q cem} klg vt/gfs hflto cJoj:yfdf km;]sf] 5 . ;x/ / d]ufl;6Lx¿df a;f]af; ug]{ gofF k':tfx¿ u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ lzlIft ug{ kl/jt{gsf] jfxs x'g ;Sg]5g\ .

5't / c5't hftLo ;+:s[ltsf] z'?jft

d]/L xh'/cfdf zfsfxf/L x'g'x'GYof] / d}n] pxfFsf] nflu 5'§} r'nf], 5'§} efF8f / 5'§} vfgf ksfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] b]v]sf] 5' . d}n] xf]6]ndf s'v'/fsf] df;' vfPF eg] eg], pxfFn] dnfO{ lbge/ pxfFsf] ;ldkaf6 6f9} a:g eGg'x'GYof] . olb xfdLn] 3/df df;' NofpFYof}+ eg] pxfFn] Tof] lbg cfk\mgf] efF8fnfO{ s;}n] g5f]cf];\ egL ;'/lIft ug'{x'GYof] . h;n] dnfO{ d c5"t 5' eGg] dx;'; u/fpg'x'GYof] Tof] klxnf] JolQm d]/L xh'/cfdf g} xf] . 5'jf5'tsf] of] efjgf x/]s kl/jf/df klg JofKt x'G5 . d Ps Jofks km/flsnf] /fd|f] ljsl;t ;kmf / :jR5 ;d'bfodf a:5' t/ d}n] sd :jR5 / kmf]xf]/ ;d'bfodf ;d]t a:g] y'k|} u/La dflg;x¿nfO{ klg b]v]sf] 5' hxfF clwsf+z dflg;x¿nfO{ 5fnf ;DjlGw s'g} g s'g} /f]u 5 . cf}iflwsf] cfljisf/ x'g' cl3 oL 5fnf /f]u / ;?jf /f]u w]/} 7"nf] r'gf}ltsf s'/f lyP . :jR5 jftfj/0fdf a:g] JolQmn] s:tf] hLjg:t/ :jf:Yosf nflu hf]lvdk"0f{ 5 / s'g hLjg:t/ /fd|f] x'G5 eg]/ ;lhn} atfpg ;S5 . olb ;f]xL JolQmn] s;}nfO{ hf]lvdk"0f{ hLjgcfr/0fdf b]Vof] eg] kSs} klg sf]le8sf] ;dodf xfdLn] u/]h:t} s]xL b"/L /fVg rfxG5 . lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] cfljisf/ klxn] dflg;x¿n] ljleGg :t/sf dflg;x¿af6 6f9f /xg'kg]{  cfTdjf]w / :jefj ljsf; u/] . oL s'/fx¿ :jfefljs lyP t/ kl5 k};fsf] cfljisf/;Fu} dflg;x¿n] juL{o  Joj:yfsf] ljsf; u/] / o; ju{ Joj:yfn] 5'jf5'tsf] dfgl;stfnfO{ c:jLsfo{ xb;Dd laufof]{ . ;/;kmfO{ tyf :jR5tf cg';f/sf ljleGg dfkb08sf dflg;x¿af6 b"/L /fVg] k|fs[lts k|j[lQ pRr ju{sf dflg;x¿sf] k'FhLjfbL dfgl;stfnfO{ cIf'0f /fVb} pgLx¿sf] kbfg'qmd / ;jf]{Rrtfsf] k|rf/ ug{] dfWod aGof] . dfgLjo efjgf sn+s aGof] / ;dfh åGå If]q aGof] .

of] klg ;To xf] ls z'?sf lbgx¿df c5"t dfgl;stf k'FhLjfb, juL{o ;f]rsf] dfgl;stf / ;jf]{Rrtfaf6 k|]l/t lyPg . kl5 cfw'lgs ;+;f/sf] cfwf/ aGg' eGbf Ps xhf/ jif{ cl3;Dd xfdL / xfd|f] ;dfh hftLo / juL{o Joj:yfsf] ;+o'Qm k|efjsf] b'irqmdf km;]sf lyof] . hftLo Joj:yf / 5'jf5'tsf] cEof; x]bf{ xfd|f] ;dfhsf w]/} ;d'x / ;d'bfox¿ cem} klg !( cf}F ztfAbLdf g} 5g\ . 5'jf5'tsf] bf]if hgtfnfO{ lbg' plrt x'b}g . hgtfnfO{ lzlIft ug{ / ;r]tgf lbg c;kmn x'g] Joj:yf / ;/sf/nfO{ bf]if lbg' hfoh x'G5 . t/ xfd|f] g]kfndf clxn];Dd ag]sf ;a} ;/sf/x¿ afx'g / If]qL ;d'bfosf dflg;sf] g][tTj tyf afx'Notf ePsf ;/sf/ ag]sf lyP . t;y{ s'g} klg ;/sf/n] of] k|yfsf] lj/f]w u/]/ cfk\mgf] v'§fdf cfk}m aGr/f] xfGg] hf]lvd df]Ng grfx]sf] x'g;S5 . hft k|yf xfdLn] xfd|f k'j{haf6 kfPsf] unt ;+:sf/ xf] . 

dflg;x¿nfO{ dflyNnf] hft / tNnf] hft tyf 5't clg c5"t eg]/ laeflht agfpg / lje]b ug{ hftLo Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ ul/Psf] eg] lyPg . of] dflyNnf] hft / tNnf] hft clg 5't / c5'tsf] Joj:yf hftLo Joj:yfsf] gs/fTds k|lts[of cyjf ;fO8 Okm]S6 dfq xf] . lje]bk'0f{ / s[ltd hflt Joj:yfsf] cGTo u/L jf:tljs tyf k|ultzLn Pj eljiosfnflu lxts/ hflt Joj:yf lgdf{0f ub}{ lxGb" wd{df ;'wf/sf] cg'z/0f ug]{ ;do cfPsf] 5 . ;fob df;' gvfg] jf df+;xf/ gug{] dflg;x¿ df;' vfg] dflg;x¿af6 cnUu /xg rfxGy] / df;+xf/ u/]sf] ;dodfrflxF dnfO{ g5'g'xf];\ eGg] k|0ffnL ;'? ePsf] x'g ;S5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu, tkfO{xfd|f] ;dfhdf cem} klg o:tf dflg; b]Vg ;Sg'x'G5 ls df;' gvfg] dflg;x¿ df;' vfg] dflg;x¿sf] 3/df vfgf vfg Tolt ?rfpFb}gg\ . ufO{sf] df;' gvfg] dflg;x¿ ufO{sf] df;' vfg] dflg;x¿sf] 3/df ef]hg ug{ rfxFb}gg\ . o:tf] Jojxf/ :jefljs :jR5tfsf] clwsf/ klg xf] . o:tf] cj:yf klg obfsbf cfOnfU5 olb s;}n] tkfO{nfO{ v;Lafv|fsf] eg]/ df;' lbof] / tkfO{n] vfg yfn]kl5 rflxF of] ufO{sf] df;' xf], e'mSofP/ lbbf t vfg'eof] elgof] . o; a]nf tkfO{nfO{ t'?Gt} jfGtf ;'? x'g]5 .  h'g s'/f tkfO{nfO{ vfg dg kb{}g / vfg rfxg'x'Gg eg] To:sf] ;]jg ubf{ jfGtf x'g' z/L/sf] k|fs[lts k|ltlqmof xf] . To;}n] xfdLn] cfxf/ lj1fg / cfr/0fsf] leGgtfsf] cfwf/df s;}nfO{ s;}sf] glhs x'g / O{R5f cyjf :jdfGotf ljkl/tsf] ef]hg ug{ afWo kfg{' x'Fb}g . 

/fj0f a|fXd0f lyP t/ klg ;a}n] /fIf; u0fdf ;dfj]z u5{g\  q]tfo'udf ;a}n] /fj0fnfO{ lsg /fIf; eg] < lsgsL p;n] lgoldt df;+xf/ / dlb/f ;]jg u/]sf] lyof] . o;sf] dtna df;' vfg] / /S;L lkpg] hf] sf]xLnfO{ /fIf; eGg] xf] t < xf]Og, /fj0f To;a]nf ;a}n] agfPsf] ;fdflhs lgodsf] lj?¢ uPsf lyP . df;' vfg] / dlb/f ;]jg ug{] k'hf/L jf klG8tnfO{ tkfO{ :jLsf/ ug{'x'G5 < dnfO{ nfU5, cj:o ug'{x'Gg . pgL hflt Joj:yfdf cfk\mgf] ;jf]{Rr :yfg TofUg rfxFb}gy] t/ pgL cem} klg df;' / dlb/fsf] cfgGb lnO/xg klg rfxGy] . To;a]nfdf /x]sf] a|fXd0fx¿sf] kl/efiff cfWoflTds sfo{df ;+nUg JolQm / slxNo} df;' gvfg] clg dlb/f ;]jg gug{] eGg] xf] . pgn] :yflkt ;fdflhs lgodx¿nfO{ r'gf}tL lbP . a|fXd0fn] df;' vfP / /S;L lkPdf p;nfO{ a|fXd0f eGg' x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f pgn] :jLsf/ u/]gg\ . To;}n] pgnfO{ /fIf; elgG5 . slno'udf s/f]8f}Fs/f]8 /fj0f?kL /fIf; 5g\ caf}{F c/a dn]R5 5g\ . 

hflt k|0ffnLsf] ljs[lt, Ifo / ktg  

;dfg ;d'bfo leq cfk\mgf] klxrfg hf]ufpg cfk|jf;Lx¿n] hft k|yf z'¿ u/]sf lyP / To;sf] cfwf/ hLjgcfr/0f / k]zf Joj;fo lyof] . t/ ca hflt k|0ffnL ;tk|ltzt ?kdf hGdsf cfwf/df lgwf{l/t 5 . clxn] tkfO{sf] sfd s] xf] eGg] s'/fn] km/s kfb{}g lsgsL tkfO{sf] hfltnfO{ tkfO{sf] hGd ePsf] hfltn] lg0f{o ug{]5 . o:tf] b]lvG5 ls olb s'g} Ps aRrf cfk/flws 3/kl/jf/df hGd]sf] lyof] eg] aRrf kl5 k]zfn] 8fS6/ g} eP klg p ck/fwL g} xf] . O:nfdLs cfqmd0f x'g' cl3 sfdsf] cfwf/df lgwf{l/t hft k|yf ;To / Jojxfl/s hflt k|0ffnL lyof] . la|l6z o'usf] ;do clg To;kl5 ljsl;t afFsL hflt k|0ffnL ;a} gSsnL / e'm6 hflt k|0ffnL xg\ lsgls oL hGd cfwfl/t hflt k|0ffnL 5g\ .  ca xfdLn] Pp6f gofF hflt k|0ffnL c+lusf/ ug'{k5{ h;nfO{ s]lx ;o aif{ kl5 km]l/ s;}n] gSsnL / cJojxfl/s agfpg g;sf];\ . cfxf/ k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t hflt k|0ffnL ;a}sf] nflu ;dfg eljio xf] h;df xhf/f}F aif{sf] nflu s'g} kl/jt{gsf] cfjZostf kb{}g clg k'/fgf] cyjf cflbd hflt k|0ffnL h:tf] nlrnf] klg x'g]5 .

 

clxn]sf] tyfslyt hft k|0ffnL s:tf] 5 < 

clxn] () k|ltzt a|fXd0f kl/jf/n] df;' vfG5g\ / dlb/f;d]t ;]jg u5{g\, () k|ltzt If]lqox¿ of]¢fafx]s c¿ hflu/ jf Joj;fo u5{g\, %) k|ltzt j}Zon] hflu/ jf v]tLkftL nufot cGo sfd u5{g\ . ^) k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf dflysf z'› / blntx¿n] cfkm\gf] hLjgz}nLnfO{ dWod juL{o ;d'bfosf] ?kdf kl/jt{g u/]sf, ;d'Ggt hLjg z}nLsf] ljsf; u/]sf 5g\  t/ cem} klg pgLx¿nfO{ z'› / blntsf] ¿kdf lrlqt ul/Psf] 5 . olx unt kl/ron] ;dfhdf c;Gt'li6 k}bf u/]sf] 5 . 

of] :jLsfo{ 5}g . xfd|f] k"/} hflt Joj:yf ktg ePsf] 5 / PstkmL{ 9f]sf h:tf] x'b}5 h;df s;}n] lxGb" wd{ 5f]8\g rfxG5 eg] dfq v'N5 t/ sf]xL cfP/ lxGb" wd{df ;fd]n x'g rfxG5 eg] aGb /xG5 . olb Pp6f d'l:nd kl/jf/ lxGb' aGg rfxG5 eg] Tof] kl/jf/nfO{ s'g hftdf /fVg]  s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g / s'g} lgod 5}g . olb /fhdxn # xhf/ jif{ k'/fgf] ePdf ToxfF sf]xL klg a:g rfxFb}gg\ To;nfO{ /fhdxn xf]Og v08x/ elgG5 . hxfF ;a}hgf /fd|f] sf]7fsf nflu nl8/x]sf x'G5g\, c?sf] sf]7f slt /fd|f] 5 eGg] t s;}n] b]v]sf] 5}g t/ ;a} d]/f] sf]7f /fd|f] 5 eG5g\ . hflto Joj:yfsf] gSsnL a9fOr9fO{n] hftLo Joj:yfnfO{ /fhdxnaf6 v08x/x/ agfPsf] 5 / of] v08x/ Wj:t x'g'cl3 g} k'glgd{f0f ug{] ;do cfPsf] 5 . of] k6s xfdLn] To:tf] tl/sfn] lgdf{0f ug{'k5{ hxfF sf]xL leq cfpg rfxG5 eg] :jfut klg xf];\ / To:tf nfvf}Fn] lxGb" wd{df kl/jlt{t x'g rfxg'x'G5 eg] s'g hftdf /fVg] eGg] cGof]n klg g/xf];\ . 

xfdLn] jt{dfg hflt Joj:yfaf6 lsg 5'6sf/f kfpg'k5{ / o;sf] ljsNk s] xf] <

wd{kl5 dlxnf lx+;f / k};f ;DaGwL ck/fw clg hftLo åGån] ;a}eGbf a9L hg;+Vof / l5d]sL gful/sk|ltsf] Jojxf/nfO{ ulDe/ c;/ u/]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts åGåb]lv ;fdflhs åGå;Dd hftsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . xfdLdf /x]sf] gSsnL / lje]bpGd'v hflt Joj:yfaf6 ;Gt'i6 gePsfn] wd{ kl/jt{g ug{] dflg;x¿sf] 7'nf] ;+Vof 5 . c;Gt'i6 ;d"x csf{] wd{df ;fd]n eO/x]sf 5g\ / of] emg} vt/gfs 5 lsgls w]/} wd{x¿n] pRr :t/sf] åGåsf] nflu ax'w'a|Lo ;dfhdf n}hfG5 . ef/tdf lxGb" / d'l:nd b'j}nfO{ ;'wfl/Psf] hft Joj:yf cfjZos 5 . ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ;a} dflg;nfO{ ;dfg Gofo kfpg] clwsf/ 5 t/ xfd|f] k'/fgf] / lalu|Psf] hflt Joj:yfn] tyfslyt tNnf] elgPsf hftnfO{ eg] Gofo lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . /fj0f klg a|fXd0f lyP t/ df;' vfg] / dlb/f lkpg] ePsfn] pgnfO{ /fIf; elgPsf] lyof] . clxn] 3f]/ slno'u 5 . (% k|ltzt a|fXd0fdf /fj0fs} h:tf] hLjgz}nL 5 t/ cGo dflg;x¿n] /S;L glkpg] / df;' gvfg] eP klg tNnf] hft elgP/ unt Jojxf/ / ckdfg ;xg afWo 5g\ . 

xfdL hftLo Joj:yf x6fpb} ;fdflhs klxrfgsf cGo s'g} ¿kx¿ dfk{mt hftLo Joj:yfnfO{ lsg k"0f{ ¿kdf ;fd'n cGTorflxF ub{}gf}F <

 

hfltljxLg ;dfh ;Dej 5}g lsgls ;a}sf] gfd;Fu} y/ klg 5 / xfdL xhf/f}F jif{b]lv hftLo Joj:yf k5\ofO/x]sf 5f}F . olb s;}sf] gfd 5 eg], xfdL gfd kl/jt{g ug{ ;S5f}F t/ xfdL gfd lagf afFRg ;Sb}gf}F . olb xfdLn] To;f] uof}F{ eg] dflg;x¿n] cem} klg k'/fgf] gfdnfO} cg'z/0f ug]{5g\ . hgtfnfO{ k'/fgf] hftLo Joj:yf k5\ofpg ;/sf/sf] cfb]z rflxFb}g . cfzo of] xf] ls hflto Joj:yf lagf xfdL afFRg ;Sb}gfF} t/ k'/fgf] lalu|Psf] hflto Joj:yfnfO{ gofFn] k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;S5f}F . xfdL 3/af6 lkn/ x6fpg ;Sb}gf}F, t/ xfdL gofF lkn/x¿ eg] cj:o agfpg ;S5f}F . o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . obL df;' /S;L h:tf s'/fsf] ;]jgdf cfwfl/t hftLo Joj:yf, klxrfg / 6«o{flsª l;:6d nfu' eof] eg] ;a}n] o;nfO{ kfng ug]{5g\ . df;', dlb/f, r'/f]6 lsGg] hf] sf]xLn] kl/rokqsf] ;fydf dfq o;sf] vl/b ug'{kg]{5 .

a'¢nfO{ hflt Joj:yf dg kb{}gYof] / pgL o:tf] k|yfsf] k"/} lj?¢df lyP . pgn] ef/tLo pkdxfåLksf ;Dej eP;Dd clws 5]q 3'd]/ dflg;x¿nfO{ hflt Joj:yf unt xf] eGg] lzIff lbP . ef/te/ hftLo e]befj x'Fbf kl/jf/df hGd]sf JolQmn] Pp6} hft af]Sg'kg]{ cj:yf l7s x}g eGg] ;Gb]z ljr/0f u/] . xf], ToxLF pgn] cfk\mgf] ;do aaf{b u/] . hflt Joj:yf unt xf] eg]/ dflg;x¿nfO{ l;sfpg' :jutof]Uo sbd t eof] t/ pgLaf6 unt hft Joj:yfsf] ljsNk k|:tfjrflxF cfPg . pgn] cfxf/df cfwfl/t hft Joj:yfsf] k|:tfj u/]sf] eP cfh ;+;f/ cs{} df]8df x'g] lyof] . b'e{fUojz, pgnfO{ yfxf ePg ls unt hflt Joj:yfsf] ljsNk s] xf] . pgL lkknsf] ?vd'lg cln a9L a:g'kYof]{ .

olb tkfO{;Fu ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg 5}g eg] s]lx unt s'/faf/] dflg;x¿nfO{ s]jn lzIff lbg cfk\mgf] ;do aaf{b gug{'xf];\ .

;dfj]zL / efjL hflt Joj:yf s:tf] x'g'k5{ <

lxGb" wd{df gofF hft Joj:yf o:tf] x'g'kg]{5 .

hftLo klxrfg	hLjg z}nL
a|fXd0f	df+;xf/, dWokfg tyf w'd|kfg gug]{ k'0f{tof ;fbhL hLjg ofkg ug]{
blnt	ufO{ tyf ;'Fu'/afx]s cGo w/kfn'jf hgjf/sf] df+;xf/ ug]{ dWokfg tyf w'd|kfg ug]{ .
blnt leq klg tLgj6f >]0fL /xg] 5g\
k|yd >]0fL, pkNnf] cyjf a8f blnt - s au{_	dWokfg tyf w'd|kfg ug]{ t/ df+;xf/ gug]{
bf]>f] >]0fL ;fgf cyjf tNnf]  blnt -v au{_	df+;xf/ ug]{ t/ dWokfg tyf w'd|kfg gug]{
t]>f] >]0fL -u au{_	df+;xf/ ug]{ / dWokfg tyf w'd|kfg ;d]t ug]{ .
dxfblnt	;F'u'/sf] df;+xf/ ;d]t ug]{
z'b|	uf}dftf df;+xf/ ug]{

o:tf] cfwf/df hft lgwf{/0f ubf{ s;}n] s;}nfO{ e'mSofpg / cfˆgf] klxrfg n'sfpg kb}{g\ . dflg;nfO{ hft af]emsf] ?kdf ge} 5gf}6sf] ?kdf k|fKt x'G5 . x/]ssn] :j]R5fn] cfk\mgf] hft :jod lgwf{/0f ug{ ;S5g\ . t;y{ hftsf] cfwf/df e]befb afls /xb}g .

 

hftLo Joj:yfsf] klxrfg / 6«of{lsª k|0ffnLsf] JofVof ug{'xf];\ . 

s;}nfO{ klg cfk\mgf] hLjgz}nL kl/jt{g ug{ afWo ul/g] 5}g . t/ ufO{sf] df;' jf ;'Fu'/sf] df;' jf cGo hgjf/sf] df;' vfg] jf /S;L lkpg] JolQmn] ljjfxsf] nflu cfjZos kbf{ dflg;x¿af6 cfk\mgf] ;To cj:yf n'sfpg  ;Sg]5}g . ca dlb/f ;]jg ug{] JolQm;Fu lax] gug{] OR5f ePsf o'jtLn] lax] gug{ ;/sf/sf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg]l5g\ . s;}nfO{ klg hft n'sfP/ gSsln klxrfg jf kl/ro agfpg 5'6 lbOg] 5}g . s]6Lx¿n] em"6f] ljj/0f lbg];Fu lax] ug{'kb{}g, ljjfxkl5 emu8fsf] nflu t'if pTkGg x'Fb}g . s]6Lx¿n] ;lhn};Fu kQf nufpg ;S5g ls sf]xL JolQm df+; dlb/f, gzf jf ;'tL{ ;]jg ug{] xf] jf xf]Og .  To;sf cfwf/df ljjfxnfO{ ;lhn} :jLsf/ cyjf OGsf/ ug{ ;S5g\ .

 

s'g} JolQmn] hftLo Joj:yfsf] cg'dlt lbPsf afx]s cGo j:t' pkef]u ul//x]sf] 5 eg] s;/L 6«of{s ug{] < lgltz s'df/ ;d]t dlb/f k|ltaGw ug{ c;kmn x'bf xfdL s;/L ;kmn x'G5f}F <

of] 6«of{lsª k|0ffnL eg]sf] gLltz s'df/n] h:tf] pkef]u g} k|ltaGw ug]{ k|0ffnL xf]Og\ . o; k|0ffnLdf j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] pkef]u ug{ ldN5 t/ klxrfg v'Ng] kl/ro kq clgjfo{ b]vfpg'k5{ . klxrfgsf] of] k|0ffnL ljZjsf clwsf+z b]zdf s]xL bzsb]vL clal5Gg k|of]udf 5 . olb gLltz s'df/n] o;nfO{ nfu' ug{ ;s]sf eP pgn] klg cj:o ;kmntf k|fKt ug]{ lyP . 

of] ;a} j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] pTkfbg / laqmLnfO{ cg'dlt lbg] ljrf/ xf] h;df ;a} s'/fdf k|ltaGw sfod ul/g] 5}g . lgltzn] dlb/f aGb ug{ vf]h] t/ /fHosf] k|x/L klg e|i6 ePsfn] k|x/Ln] cGo nf]edf ;a}nfO{ o:tf] a]Rg 5'6 lbPsf] 5 . e|i6frf/n] xfdLn] NofPsf] s'g} klg gofF ljrf/nfO{ gi6 ug{ ;S5 / ck/fw lgoGq0f ug'kg]{{ k|0ffnLdf /flvPsf JolQmx¿ e|i6 ePdf h'gs'g} klg ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ clws ufx|f] x'G5 . xfdL of] ;d:of s;/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;S5f}F eGg] hfGg'k5{ . 

cfxf/sf] 6«of{lsª ;DjlGw cEof;nfO{ tLg r/0fdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . 

c_ slNsjfbdfk{mt gubljxLgtfsf] ;do cfudg kl5 o;sf] sfo{Gjog w]/} ;lhnf] x'G5 lsg eg] ToxfF gub x'g]5}g / pTkfbgsf ;a} ;fwgx¿ ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf x'g]5g\ .

cf_ slNsjfbsf] cfudg;Fu} d'›fljlxg ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f kl5 oxfF klg pTkfbg / ljt/0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ k|0ffnL ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf x'g] ePsfn] w]/} ;xh x'g]5 .

O_ k'FhLjfbsf] jt{dfg kl/b[Zodf x]bf{ o;sf] sfo{fGjog  yf]/} ufx|f] 5 t/ o;nfO{ b'O{ r/0fdf ljefhg ug{ klg ;lsG5 .

s_ ;a} pTkfbgsf ;fwgx¿ lgoGq0f u/]/ M ck]lIft kl/jt{g ug{ b]zdf laqmL x'g] k|To]s j:t'sf] pTkfbgsf] ;fwgnfO{ ;/sf/n] ;tk|ltzt lgoGq0f ug{'k5{ . tTsfnnfO{ df;', dlb/f / lgsf]l6g pTkfbgaf6 dfq} o:tf] cEof; ;'? ug{] / cGo nfvf}F j:t'x¿ eljiosf nflu 5f]8\g] xf] eg] klg of] ;/sf/sf] nflu pQd cj;/ xf] . oL # j:t'sf] pTkfbg, Joj:yfkg / ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{] k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;df ;/sf/sf] ;kmntfn] g} ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L k|0ffnLnfO{ eljiosf nflu /fd|f] cg'ej / cfTdljZjf; lbg]5 .

v_ olb ;/sf/ lg:k|eflj / clgR5's 5 / oL ;a} j:t'x¿sf] pTkfbgsf] ;fwgnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ rfxFb}g eg] To; cj:yfdf gofF k|0ffnL Joj:yfkg ug{ w]/} ufx|f] x'g]5 clg oxfF xfdLn] cg'udg p2]Zosf nflu gofF ;fdflhs k|x/L kl/rfng ug{'k5{ . / oL ;fdflhs k|x/Lx¿ o; cy{df km/s x'g]5g\ ls o;df ;a} dlxnfx¿ dfq x'g]5g\, lzlIft dlxnfx¿ . lsg eg] k'?ifeGbf dlxnfx¿ sd e|i6 5g\ / of] k|0ffnLn] dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L kmfObf k'of{pF5 . of] k|0ffnL cfPkl5 s'g} klg s]6Lsf cleefjsn] sf]xL klg s]6fn] lautdf / clxn] klg lgsf]l6g /S;L dlb/f cyjf df;' h:tf s'/f vfP gvfPsf] s] cj:yf 5 eGg] k"0f{ hfgsf/L kfpg ;S5g\ . o;/L s]6Ln] lax] cl3 g} yfxf kfpg]l5g\ ls pgn] dlb/f ;]jg ug]{ jf gug]{;Fu lax] ul//x]sL l5g\ . of] k|0ffnLsf] cfudgn] ljjfx cl3 s;}n] klg pkef]u gug]{ ;'lglZrt ug{]5 . dflg;x¿ lax] u/]kl5 To:tf] cfr/0f ;'? ug{ ;S5g\ t/ l9nf] u/L To:tf] cfbt lgdf{0f ug]{ dflg; vt/gfs /S;Lafh  aGb}gg\ . 

dflysf b'a} ljrf/ -s / v_ /fHon]  lgwf{/0f u/]sf] klxrfg 6«of{lsª k|0ffnLåf/f lgb]{lzt x'g'kb{5 h;df k|To]s gful/ssf] 8f6f x'g]5 . oL vfnsf j:t' tyf ;]jfx¿ pTkfbg / laqmL ug{] k|To]s k;ndf Ps ljz]if k|sf/sf] ;k\m6j]o/, PlKkns];g / pks/0f cfjZos x'g]5 . rfx] Tof] v'›f k;n xf];\ jf /]:6'/]G6 . of] ;k\m6j]o/n] pkef]usf] ;Ldf h:t} s'g j:t'nfO{ sxfF pkef]u ug{ ;lsG5 / sxfF ug{ ;lsb}g eGg] h:tf s]xL :yfgLo sfg"gx¿nfO{ klg cg'kfng u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . ;a}eGbf ufx|f] sfd olb Ps ;fyLn] cfk\mgf] kl/rokq dfk{mt csf]{ ;fyLsf] nflu lsg]sf] s'/fnfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{ x'g]5 . To;sf nflu  xfdLnfO{ k'/:sf/ k|0ffnL rflxG5 . Pshgf ;fyLn] csf]{ ;fyLsf] nflu lsg]sf] k|dfl0ft u/]df, lsGg]nfO{ ! nfv hl/jfgf x'g]5 / pQm /sd p;n] Tof] ;fdfg lslglbPsf] JolQmnfO{ lbOg]5 . pxL ;fyLnfO{ Ps nfv hl/jfgf ltg'kg]{] 8/n] s'g} klg ;fyLn] csf{] ;fyLsf nflu o:tf j:t' tyf ;]jf vl/b ul/lbg] 5}g . ;dfhsf] cfwf/ txdf cg';Gwfg u/]kl5 o; k|0ffnLdf b]lvg ;Sg] l5b|x¿nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ yk sfg'g Nofpg ;lsG5 .

hgtfsf] uf]klgotfsf] clwsf/ eg]sf] s] xf], ;/sf/n] d}n] s] vfG5' / s] lkp5' eGg] ;a} 8f6f ;Íng ug'{ plrt x'G5 <

xf], ;/sf/n] ;a} tYofÍ ;Íng ug{' k"0f{¿kdf hfoh x'G5 t/ ;DjlGwt JolQmsf] cg'dltlagf 8f6f afF8\g' jf r'xfpg' eg] plrt xf]Og . dflg;x¿n] s;/L vfG5g\ / s] vfG5g\ eGg] af/]df ;Íng ul/Psf] o:tf tYofÍn] b]znfO{ w]/} vfnsf j}1flgs / lrlsT;f ;DjlGw cg';Gwfg ug{;d]t d2t ug{]5 . o:tf hfgsf/L 8fS6/x? åf/f k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . c;n gful/sn] o:tf] tYofÍ ;+u|xnfO{ slxNo} c:jLsf/ ub{}gg\ lsgsL pgLx¿sf] cg'dlt lagf o;nfO{ ;fj{hlgs cyjf ljt/0f jf ;fe]mbf/L ug{ ;lsFb}g . ;dfh / ;dfhnfO{ wf]sf lbg cyjf 5Ng rfxg]n] dfq of] tYofÍ ;Íng k|0ffnLnfO{ dfGb}gg\ . tNnf] :t/sf] cfxf/ Jojxf/ ePsf] JolQm eP/ klg hftLo ;jf]{Rrtf rfxg] JolQmn] dfq o; tYofÍ ;Íng k|0ffnLnfO{ c:jLsf/ / c;xof]u ug{]5 . cjwf/0ff ;/n 5 ls olb tkfO{ pRr hfltsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ k|fKt ug{ rfxg'x'G5 eg] tkfO{n] cfxf/ ;+/rgfsf ;a} tYof+s ;Íng ug{ ;xdlt lbg'k5{ . h;nfO{ pRr hflt eGg' jf elgg' kb}{g, pgLx¿n] cfk\mgf] 8f6f ;fe]mbf/L ug{ cfjZos 5}g / slxn] klg cfjZos kb{}g .

 

gofF hft Joj:yf cfPkl5 jt{dfg pkhftsf] eljio / clGtd gfd cyjf y/sf] pkfb]otf 

gofF hft Joj:yf cfPkl5 pkhftsf] cfjZostf kb{}g . clws pkhftx¿ cGof]n / åGåsf] ;|f]tdfq x'g . xfdL;Fu ePsf ;a} pkhftx¿ xhf/f}F jif{ klxn] dflg;x¿n] l;s]sf sfd / snfdf cfwfl/t 5g\ . xfdL ca Tof] o'udf afRb}gf}F . sn]h, ;+3;+:yfx¿, tflnd s]G›x¿ / nfvf}F lj1x¿sf] k|of;n] o:tf k|0ffnL lelqPsf 5g\ ls clxn] h'g;'s} hft;d'xsf] JolQmn] klg h'g;'s} k]zf, Joj;fo / sfo{df ;fd]n x'g ;S5 . To;}n] pkhftsf] cfjZostf 5}g . gofF hflt Joj:yfsf] z'?jft cufj} ljleGg pkhft lnP/ hGd]sf dflg;x¿sf]  dgaf6 o;nfO{ x6fpg ;lsb}g t/ cfpg] gofF k':tfn] k'/fgf] hft / pkhftsf] s'g} k|efj /fVb}gg\, km/s b[li6sf]0f /fVg]5g\ . hxfF pgLx¿n] o;nfO{{ a]jf:tf ug{]5g\ . k|To]s JolQmnfO{ /fHoaf6 hfl/ ul/Psf] kl/rokqdf pkhft xf]Og s]jn cfk\mgf] hftsf] dfq pNn]v x'g]5 . cfxf/ ;+/rgfsf sf/0f s'g} pkhftnfO{ gofF hft cfjZos ePdf ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ s'g} k'/fgf] pkhftsf] cfjZostf kg]{5}g . dflg;x¿n] cfk\mgf] kl/ro kq / cGo 7fpFx¿df lbgx'F cfk\mgf] gofF hft k|of]u ug{]5g\ h;n] k'/fgf] pkhftsf] k|of]u k"0f{tof a]sf/ x'g]5 .

oxfF w]/} pkhftx¿ 5g\ h;sf] clGtd gfd cyjf y/ Pp6} 5 To;}n] t/ pgLx¿n] Pscs{f;Fu ljjfx ub{}gg\ . cfdfafa'n] Pp6} pkhflt leq a/aw' vf]Hbf ToxfF w]/} g} cefj jf sd dfq ldnfg b'a} x'g;S5 . pkhft /lxt s]jn hftLo Joj:yf dfqsf] k|rngn] ;a}sf] hLjgnfO{ clxn]sf] h:tf] w]/} c;lhnf] agfpFb}g .

of] cln r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'g]5 . sf]xL emf gfdsf] a|fXd0f x'g;S5g\ hf] df;' vfg 5f]8\g rfxFb}gg\ / blnt aGg klg ?rfpF5b}g\ . t/ ToxfF df;' vfg grfxg] /fd gfdsf] blnt x'g;S5g\ / a|fXd0fsf] h:tf] hLjg lhPsf x'g]5g\ . ;a} tYofÍ ;Íng k"/f u/]kl5 gofF k|0ffnLdf ;a}nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ clt ;xh x'g]5 . t/ xfdLn] of] ;'lglZrt ug{ cfjZos x'G5 ls M

!_ ;a}nfO{ cfk\mgf] clGtd gfd 5gf}6 ug{ ;tk|ltzt :jtGqtf 5 . 

@_ cfjZos k/]df clGtd gfdsf] cuf8L / klxnf] gfdsf] k5f8L b -blnt_ db -dxfblnt_ z' -z'b|_, kb -k|yd blnt_ h:tf kl/rod'ns cIf/ yKg ;S5f}F . jf tL cIf/x¿ clGtd gfd jf klxnf] gfdsf] cl3 jf kl5 ;d]t k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

xfdLn] ;dfhsf] cfwf/ txdf ;'Id cg';Gwfg u/]/ k|To]s y/sf] tYofÍ ;Íng u/]kl5 / pgLx¿ s'g hftdf ;fd]n x'g rfxG5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] ;'rgf k|fKt ubf{sf avt xf] eg] cem /fd|f] ;+/rgf tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 . clGtd gfdsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg 7"nf] ;d:of x'g]5}g . of] s'/f gjhft aRrfnfO{ gfd lbg hlQs} ;lhnf] 5 . oxfF  gfd lzz'sf] ;§fdf s'g} Ps ;d'bfosf ;a} dflg;x¿sf] ;d"xnfO{ lbOg]5 .

lxGb"x¿nfO{ hflt Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ lsg cfjZos 5 <

g]kfn /fHoel/ g} wd{ ;a}eGbf ljs[t / ktgpGd' tNnf] txdf em/]sf] 5 . k'hf/L / kl08t eP/ klg kl/jf/;lxt (% k|ltzt a|fXd0fn] df;' vfG5g\ / dlb/f lkpF5g\ . of] :jLsfo{ x'b}g . xfd|f] k"/} hflt Joj:yf ktg ePsf] 5 / PstkmL{ 9f]sf h:tf] ag]sf] 5 h'g s;}n] lxGb" wd{ 5f]8\g rfxG5g\ eg] dfq v'N5 t/ sf]xL cfP/ lxGb" wd{df ;fd]n x'g rfxG5g\ eg] aGb /xG5 . olb Pp6f d'l:nd kl/jf/ lxGb' aGg rfxG5 eg] Tof] kl/jf/nfO{ s'g hftdf /fVg] s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g / s'g} lgod 5}g . olb /fhdxn tLg xhf/ jif{ k'/fgf] ePdf ToxfF sf]xL klg a:g rfxFb}gg\ / To;nfO{ v08x/ elgG5 /fhdxn xf]Og . hxfF ;a}hgf /fd|f] sf]7fsf nflu nl8/x]sf x'G5g\, c?sf] sf]7f slt /fd|f] 5 eGg] t s;}n] b]v]sf] 5}g t/ ;a} d]/f] sf]7f /fd|f] 5 eG5g\ . hftLo Joj:yfsf] gSsnL a9fOr9fO{n] hftLo Joj:yfnfO{ /fhdxnaf6 v08xx/ agfPsf] 5 / of] v08x/ Wj:t x'g'cl3 g} k'glg{df{0f ug{] ;do cfPsf] 5 . of] k6s xfdLn] To:tf] tl/sfn] lgdf{0f ug{'k5{ hxfF sf]xL leq cfpg rfxG5g\ eg] :jfut klg xf];\ / To:tf nfvf}Fn] lxGb" wd{df kl/jlt{t x'g rfxg'x'G5 eg] s'g hftdf /fVg] eGg] cGof]n klg g/xf];\ . 

cf/If0fn] hflt Joj:yfn] l;h{gf u/]sf] ;d:ofnfO{ sd ug{ s;/L d2t u5{ < 

!_ df}l›s k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ /  o;nfO{ hah{:tL tNnf] hftdf klg nfb\g] sfd pRr hftåf/f ul/Psf] klxnf] x}sdjfbL cf/If0f lyof] . pgLx¿n] k};f 5fKg zlQm k|of]u u/] / cfk\mg} hftsf cfkmGt / ;fyLx¿sf] nflu dfq ;kmntf ;'/lIft u/] . of] cf/If0f cl3 ;dfhdf /fd/fHo lyof], ;dfhdf ;a} ;dfg ?kdf zlQmzfnL lyP . slno'u olxaf6 ;'? eof] .

@_ n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/n] csf]{ x}sdjfbL cf/If0fsf] z'?jft uof{] hxfF k};f lgoGq0f ug{] zlQm ePsf dflg;x¿n] uf]/f 5fnf ePsf dflg;x¿;Fu Pstfa¢ eP/ k9\g] / n]Vg] clwsf/nfO{ pgLx¿aLr dfq ;'/lIft u/] . ljleGg sfg'g / k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ eof] / ;Dk"0f{ sfg"g tyf Joj:yfnfO{ tL b'O{ hftn] dfq lgoGq0f uof]{ . tL b'O{ hft / afFsL hftaLr ;fdflhs lje]b / c;dfgtfnfO{ ulx/f] ¿kdf km/flsnf] agfOof] . z'?jftL ;dodf dflg;x¿n] c¿ b'O{ hfltn] cfk"mdfly zf;g u/]sf] eP klg vf;} jf:tf u/]gg\ . t/ clxn] sf]xL klg ;d'bfo dfq tL b'O{ hftaf6 zfl;t eO/xg rfxFb}gg\  . t];|f] x}sdsf sf/0f ;dfhsf ax'dt k|0ffnL cem} klg tL b'O{ hfltsf] lgoGq0fdf 5 . 

#_ kl/jf/df cfwfl/t cf/If0f M zf;s cfwfl/t / s]lGb|t ;dfhsf] k|0ffnLdf dflg;x¿n] cfk\mgf] JolQmut ;DaGwnfO{ ;a} lt/ k|of]u u/] . cem} klg cfk\mgf] JolQmut ;DaGw k|of]u u/L ;a} gofF vf]lnPsf hflu/x¿dfly s]jn cfk\mgf ;fyLx¿ / kl/jf/sf] lgoGq0f sfod ug{ vf]H5g\ / of] cfhsf] ;a}eGbf Jofks x}sdjfbL cf/If0f xf] . olb s'g} gofF k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojxf/df NofOPg eg] JolQmut kx'Fr eGg] cfwf/df gofF ;a} hflu/x¿ dfly tL b'O{ hftsf dflg; / pgLx¿sf cfkmGtsf] ztk|ltzt lgoGq0f x'g]5 .

$_ nf]stflGqs ¿kdf lgj{flrt ;/sf/åf/f cjnDjg ePsf] cf/If0f M nf]stflGqs ;/sf/n] ;dfhdf tNnf] hftsf dflg;x¿nfO{ klg pkNnf] kx'Frdf Nofpg / ;Qfdf efu lng ;'lglZrttf u/fof] / kl/jf/df cfwfl/t jf lgolGqt cf/If0f /f]Sg hftLo cf/If0f Nofof] . tNnf] hftsf dflg;x¿n] klg zlQm afF8kmfF8df ;dfg cj;/ k|fKt ub}{ ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;dfgtfsf] of]ubfg u/]sf] ;dfhn] :ki6 ¿kdf dx;'; gu/];Dd of] cf/If0f sfod /xg'k5{ .

;a} cDa]8s/ cg'ofoLx¿n] %) jif{cl3 a'¢ wd{ u|x0f ug{;s]sf eP s] x'GYof] <

s]xL x'b}gYof] . To;f] eP ;Dk"0f{ a'¢ wd{nfO{ tNnf] hftsf] ;§f tNnf] wd{sf] ¿kdf lnOg] lyof] . xfdL;Fu ef/t / g]kfndf O:nfdnfO{ c5't tNnf] wd{sf] ¿kdf Jojxf/ ul/Psf] pbfx/0f klg 5 .

tkfO{sf] hft tkfO{sf] hLjgz}nL / tkfO{sf] kl/jf/åf/f clu+sf/ ul/Psf] vfgkfg ;+:s[ltn] kl/eflift ub{5 . led/fjf] cDa]8s/n] hftLo ;d:of Go"gLs/0fdf s'g} of]ubfg lbPsf 5}gg\ . cfw'lgsLs/0f, gofF lzIff / lj/f6 ;x/x¿sf] lgdf{0fn] nfvf}F dflg;x¿sf] dfgl;stf kl/jt{g u/]sf] 5 .

tn pNn]lvt b'O{ nfOgn] hftsf] ;d:of ;bfsf] nflu ;dfwfg ug{ ;xof]u ug{;S5 .

df;' vfG5f} eg] blnt / z'› .

;a}sf nflu cfw'lgsLs/0f, ;a}sf] nflu v]tL sfo{ .

lgisif{ M cDa]8s/nfO{ cg'z/0f ug]{x¿n] lxGb" wd{nfO{ bf]if lbg' x'Fb}g . o; lxGb" wd{n] cGo hfltsf] pRr :t/sf] hLjgz}nL / tkfO{ xfd|f] lgDg :t/sf] hLjgz}nLsf] afah'b xfdLnfO{ Ps;fy /fvL/x]sf] 5 . dflyNnf] hftn] cfk\mgf] OR5fzlQmn] cfk\mgf] ;Dk"0f{ s'n / hftnfO{ cfw'lgs hLjgz}nLdf kl/jt{g u/]sf] 5 eg] tNnf] ju{sf] hLjgz}nL eP klg pgLx¿nfO{ cfk\mgf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug{ afWo kfg{ ;Sg'x'Gg . lxGb" wd{n] xfdLnfO{ ljeflht ub{}g . o;n] xfdLnfO{ pRr hflt;Fu hf]l8/x]sf] 5 .

xfdL;Fu gofF hft Joj:yf cfPkl5 xfdL s;/L k'/fgf] hft Joj:yfnfO{ gofFn] k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;S5f}F <

:ki6tM hftLo Joj:yf kl/jt{g ug{' ljz'¢ ;/sf/L sfd xf] . Jofks hglzIff tyf ;r]tgf cleofg / ;+ljwfg kl/jt{g lagf of] ;Dej 5}g . ;+ljwfgdf kl/jt{g eg]sf] Pp6f JolQmsf] dfq O{R5fn] x'g] xf]Og . o;sf] nflu 7"nf] cg';Gwfg 6f]nL rflxG5 . pQm 6f]nLsf gfd o'u kl/jt{g cg';Gwfg 6f]nL x'g]5, of] s'g} u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] sfd eg] xf]Og .  slDtdf ca xfdL;Fu clxn] tof/ ePsf] of] gofF cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] nflu cg';Gwfg s;/L ug{] / s'g ljifodf ug{] eGg] af/]sf] /f]8Dofk 5 . laut rf/ xhf/ jif{df h:t} xfdL klg cglj1 eg] j:g' kb}{g . olt dfq xf]Og, of] cg';Gwfg ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu w]/} 7"nf] r'gf}lt 5 To;}n] xfdLn] Pp6f ;fgf] b]zaf6 ;'? ug{'k5{ . k[YjLdf ef/t h:tf] hftLo Joj:yf ePsf] To:tf] ;fgf] csf]{ b]z eg]sf] g]kfn dfq xf] . g]kfn Ps ;fgf] b]z ePsf]n] cg';Gwfg nIo / glthf ;lhn} xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] d g]kfndf gofF /fhgLlts bn ;Too'u ;dfh kf6L{ vf]Ng] of]hgfdf 5' . t/ Tof] eGbf klxn] xfdLn] cfxf/ ;+/rgfdf cfwfl/t hft k|0ffnLsf] z'?jft ug]{ gofF cfGbf]ngnfO{ dflg;x¿n] s:tf] k|ltlqmof lbG5g\ eg]/ cg';Gwfg ug{'k5{ . xfdLn] tLgxhf/ jif{b]lv o; hflt Joj:yfnfO{ k5\ofpFb} cfPsfn] xfd|f] hftLo Joj:yf kl/jt{gsf] nflu ul/g] hglzIff / ;r]tgf cleofgnfO{ hgtfn] s:tf] k|ltlqmof lbg]5g\ eg]/ d kl/If0f ug{ rfxG5' .

of] gofF Joj:yfsf] nflu ;a}nfO{ hufpg / ;r]t u/fpg s:tf] k|sf/sf] cfGbf]ng rflxG5 <

o; cfGbf]ngsf] gfd gdz}tfg cleofg x'g]5 .

gdz}tfg cfGbf]ng M of] cfd lxGb'x¿df ePsf] t/ nueu ljif{g nfluPsf] b}jL cfTdfnfO{ hufpg] cfGbf]ng xf] . o; cleofgdf lxGb'x¿n] lxGb' wd{sf] ktgsf] jf:tljs sf/0f klxrfg ug{'kg{]5 . wd{ ktgsf] jf:tljs sf/0f yfxf kfpg] JolQmnfO{ slNs;]gf elgG5 . hflt Joj:yfsf] kb;f]kfg dfGg] JolQm hGdsf] cfwf/df geO{ ;dfhdf s] ug{] eGg]df cfwfl/t x'g'k5{ / df;' jf dlb/f ;]jg ug{] JolQmnfO{ a|fXd0fsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ gul/g' k5{ . k};fljxLg ;dfhnfO{ ;dy{g ug{] JolQm hxfF cldtfe aRrg, d's]z cDafgL h:tf wgf8\o tyf / l/S;f rfns h:tf cfDbfgL ePsf JolQmx¿ ;dfg x'g]5g\ . oL nufot 9'Ëfsf] z}tfg / 9'Ëfdf b]jtfdf s] leGgtf 5 egL hfGg] JolQm g} slNs;]gf x'g\ . t/ wd{ ktgsf] jf:tljs sf/0fnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ grfxg] JolQmnfO{ dn]R5 -slno'usf] /fIf;_ elgG5 . Ps slNs;]gfn] csf]{ slNs;]gfnfO{ gd:t] eg]/ clejfbg ug]{5 / dn]R5nfO{ eg] gdz}tfg eGg]5 .

Pp6f dflg;n] csf]{ dflg;nfO{ gd:t] eg]/ clejfbg ug'{sf] dtna Tof] dflg; leq la/fhdfg O{Zj/nfO{ gdg ug'{x'G5 . gdz}tfgsf] cy{rflxF z}tfgnfO{ gdg eGg] nfU5 . xfd|f] ;dfhnfO{ cwf]ultdf ws]Ng], c;dfgtf a9fpg], ljleGg ¢0¢df km;fpg], gful/s ljefhg / ¢]iftfsf] cj:yfdf n}hfg] dflg;df O{Zj/ geP/ z}tfgsf] cfr/0f lj/fhdfg x'G5, tL dflg;x¿ g} dn]R5 x'g\ . tLg} dn]R5x¿ ;dfhnfO{ ljWj+zpGd'v agfpF5g\ . 

lxGb' ;dfhdf uf}dftf df+;xf/ ug]{, 5'jf5't / hftLo e]befjsf] v]tL ug]{, wlg / ul/aaLrsf] c;dfgtfnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{, alxlg;Fu ljjfxf ug]{, dflg;nfO{ kz'jt Jojxf/ b]vfpFg] oL ;a} dn]R5df u0fgf x'G5g\ . ;dfhdf cjl:yt /fd|f Joj:yf, j}1flgstf Pj+ ;dfhnfO{ ce}m ;'wf/pGd'v / k|ultjflb agfpg] pb]:on] k|ltkflbt gofF cj/fw0ffsf] lj/f]wug]{ ;a} dflg;x¿ dn]R5 au{ x'g\ . pgLx¿sf] cfj/0f / cfr/0f b'a} kl/jt{g x'g h¿/L 5 . 

gdz}tfg cleofgn] cfd dfgjnfO{ hfu[t ug]{5 . o;n] ;dfhdf ;s/fTds kl/jt{g rfxfg] / grfxfg] b'O{ km/s ;d'xnfO{ 5'6\ofpg] 5 . 

Pp6f ldlt 5gf]6 x'g]5 / Tof] ldltkl5 dfq ;a}n] gdz}tfg zAb k|of]u ug{ ;'? ug{]5g\  . ;Too'u ;dfh kf6L{n] hfu/0f cleofg k"/f u/L clGtd ldlt 3f]if0ff gu/];Dd s;}n] klg ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf gdz}tfg zAb k|of]u ug{] 5}gg\ . ;Too'u ;dfh kf6L{af6 Tof] ldtL 3f]if0ff geP;Dd ;a} hgfn] slNs;]gfsf] ;b:o ;+Vof / cleofGtf a9fpg] dfq sfd ug]{5g\ . 

dn]R5 eg]sf] sf] xf] <

!_ Ps JolQm h;n] df;' vfg] JolQmnfO{ a|fXd0fsf] ¿kdf ;dy{g ub{5 jf :jLsf5{ / hftLo Joj:yfsf] k'g M OlGhlgol/ªsf] lj/f]w ub{5 . 

@_ Ps JolQm h;n] ljQLo kbfg'qmdnfO{ ;dy{g ub{5,  nf]stflGqs ;dfgtfnfO{ xf]Og .

#_ d"lt{df eujfg dfq vf]Hg'rflxF g/fd|f] xf] / d"lt{df z}tffg e]§fpg'rflxF g/fd|f] xf]Og eg]/ ;f]Rg] JolQm .

slNs;]gf sf] x'g\ <

!_ hf] hGdsf] cfwf/df lgwf{l/t hft k|yf Tofu]/ cfxf/ljxf/sf] cfr/0fsf cfwf/df gofF hftk|yf dfGg tof/ x'G5 . 

@_ h;n] ;dfhdf wgL ul/a dlxnf k'?if nufot ;a} k]zf / Joj;fodf ;+nUg ;a}sf] cfo ;dfgx'g] Joj:yf slNsjfb Nofpg rfxG5 .  

#_ h;n] kTy/leq z}tfg dfq x}g, eujfgnfO{ klg vf]Hg / a'e\mg ;S5 . 

cfGbf]ng s;/L ;'? ug{] <

!_ klxn] sf7df8f}+sf ;a} sn]hdf 5nkmn sfo{qmd ug]{, lel8of] agfpg] .

@_ sn]hsf ljBfyL{x¿n] cfk\mgf] lhNnf, gu/ jf ufpFkflnsfdf ePsf cGo sn]hsf ljBfyL{x¿;Fu pQm lel8of] ;]o/ ug]{, 

#_ ;a} gu/kflnssf snh]df sf7df8f}Fsf ljBfyL{n] slNs;]gfsf] zfvf cyjf OsfO{ ;ldtLx¿ u7g ug]{, -o;df s'g} btf{ k|s[of x'b}g, j}rfl/s ;dy{g cleofg dfq xf] . slNs;]gfn] d klg slNs;]gf x'F eGg] k]m;a's k|f]kmfOn dfq /fVbf x'G5 . _ 

$_ ef/tdf cGgfn] h:t} u/L ;/sf/;Fu o'u kl/jt{g cg';Gwfg 6f]nL lgdf{0fsf] dfu ug]{, / To;sf nflu ;dfh;]jL / b]zk|]dLx?sf] 5gf]6 ug]{ . 

%_cfGbf]ngnfO{ j}wflgs agfpg Go"gtd Ps / clwsQd ;Dej eP ;Dd u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf vf]hL  ug]{ .

^_  lhNnf k|zf;g sfo{fnoaf6 cg'dlt lng] .

&_ sf7df8f}+df d'Vo cleofg 6f]nL / ;Dk{s cyjf  a}7s sfo{no agfpg] .

*_ cGgfn] u/]h:t] sf7df8f}F 6'l8v]ndf d~r lgd{f0f ug]{ .

(_ :6]hn] eGg]5 tkfO{ slNs;]gf aGg rfxg'x'G5 ls dn]R5 <

!)_  g]kfnLdf tof/ ul/Psf] of] n]v krf{ Jofks ljt/0f ug]{ .

!!_ g]kfndf s'g} bfg k|jw{g gug]{ . e|i6frf/af6 aRg s;}n] klg rGbf :jLsf/ gug]{ . o;sf] cnjf cfly{s Joawfg, larngtf x6fpg / ;+u7g lj:tf/ ug{ b'O{ tl/sf ckgfO{g] 5 .

s_ b]zsf] x/]s gu/kflnsfdf zfvf ePsf] s'g} Ps Joj;flos 3/fgfnfO{ slNs;]gfsf] cflwsfl/s 6]«8dfs{ nf]uf] o'Qm Kofs]6 ;dfg / ;'ky d'Nodf a]Rg] clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ul/g] 5 . 

v_ ls t b]zsf] x/]s sn]hdf cWoog/t ljBfyL{x¿n] rf/kfFr hgfsf] ;d'x lgdf{0f u/L slNs;]gfsf] l6;6{ nufO{ ;DalGwt If]qsf] x/]s 3/df k'lu slNs;]gfsf] cleofgsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L ;d]t lbO{ slNs;]gfsf] Kofs]6 a]Rg]5g\ . 

lo b'O{ dWw] s'g} Ps cyjf b'a}sf] ;ldl>t :j?ksf] cjnDjg ug]{ ;DaGwdf clGtd lg0f{o lng] ;jf{lwsf/ ;Too'u ;dfh kf6L{sf kl/sNkgfsf/ >L ho ;fxsf] l;kmfl/; / ;'emfjdf cfwfl/t eO{ ;Too'u ;dfh kf6L{sf] cWoIf jf ax'dt ;b:osf] ;df'lxs ;xdltdf lglxt /xg] 5 . pko'Qm ;dodf of] lg0f{o ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 . 

!@_ k|To]s ;x/df cGgfsf] h:tf] cfkm\g} :6]h agfpg sn]hsf ljBfyL{x¿ cu|;/ x'g'k5{ . 

!#_ o;/L ag]sf] :6]hdf slNs;]gfsf] nf]uf]sf] 7'nf] tl:j/ /flvPsf] x'g'k5{ . 

!$_;a} slNs;]gfsf] Kofs]6 leq em08f, xftdf nufpg] ?b|fIfsf] dfnf, Pp6f kmf/d / c? cfj:os ;fdfgx¿ x'g]5 . 

!%_ em08fnfO{ 3/df /flvg] 5, ?b|fIfsf] dfnf xftdf nufO{g]5 eg] kmf/drflxF :yfgLo hgk|ltlglwnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/g]5 . 

!^_ ;/sf/af6 ck]lIft ;xof]u gePsf] v08df ;fdfg a]r]/ cfPsf] cfDbfgLaf6 cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] Jooef/ axg ul/g] 5 . 

!&_ x/]s sn]haf6 k|To]s xKtf ;f]djf/sf] lbg Ps b'O{306fsf] nflu ;r]tgf cleofg :j?k ;DjlGwt If]q kl/qmdfsf] sfo{qmd ul/g]5 . 

!%_ gf/fx¿ M of] cfGbf]ng ;'? ug{' cl3 Go"gtd !) gf/fx¿ lglZrt ug{ cfjZos 5 .

s_ df;' vfg] nfO a|fXd0f dfGb}gf}F . 

v_ k'/fgf] hft k|yf af;L eof] . 

u_ xfld slNs;]gf, xfdL o'u kl/jt{g ug]{5f}F  .

3_ df;' vfg' eof] eg] tkfO{ blnt xf] .

ª_ hGdsf] cfwf/df hft k|yf uNtL xf], kl/jt{g xfdLnfO{ rflxG5 rflxG5  .

r_ xfdL slNs;]gf, gu/ hufpg cfPsf 5f}F, 

5_ xd slNs;]gf, gu/ hafa] cfOnl5,

h_ xd slNs;]gf, gu/ hafa] cfOnaflg,

em_ xd slNs;]gf, gu/ hufg] cfP x},

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